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Nitrogen economics of root foraging: Transitive closure of the nitrate–cytokinin relay and distinct systemic signaling for N supply vs. demand

Open access
Ruffel, Sandrine, Krouk, Gabriel, Ristova, Daniela, Shasha, Dennis, Birnbaum, Kenneth D., Coruzzi, Gloria M.·2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

As sessile organisms, root plasticity enables plants to forage for and acquire nutrients in a fluctuating underground environment. Here, we use genetic and genomic approaches in a “split-root” framework—in which physically isolated root systems of the same plant are challenged with different nitrogen (N) environments—to investigate how systemic signaling affects genome-wide reprogramming and root development. The integration of transcriptome and root phenotypes enables us to identify distinct mechanisms underlying “N economy” (i.e., N supply and demand) of plants as a system. Under nitrate-limited conditions, plant roots adopt an “active-foraging strategy”, characterized by lateral root outgrowth and a shared pattern of transcriptome reprogramming, in response to either local or distal nitrate deprivation. By contrast, in nitrate-replete conditions, plant roots adopt a “dormant strategy”, characterized by a repression of lateral root outgrowth and a shared pattern of transcriptome reprogramming, in response to either local or distal nitrate supply. Sentinel genes responding to systemic N signaling identified by genome-wide comparisons of heterogeneous vs. homogeneous split-root N treatments were used to probe systemic N responses in Arabidopsis mutants impaired in nitrate reduction and hormone synthesis and also in decapitated plants. This combined analysis identified genetically distinct systemic signaling underlying plant N economy: ( i ) N supply, corresponding to a long-distance systemic signaling triggered by nitrate sensing; and ( ii ) N demand, experimental support for the transitive closure of a previously inferred nitrate–cytokinin shoot–root relay system that reports the nitrate demand of the whole plant, promoting a compensatory root growth in nitrate-rich patches of heterogeneous soil.

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Metadata

Authors
Ruffel, S., Krouk, G., Ristova, D., Shasha, D., Birnbaum, K. D., & Coruzzi, G. M.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2011-10-24
Volume
108
Issue
45
Pages
18524-18529
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2104388974
Cited by
401
References
41
FWCI
25.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Nitrogen economics of root foraging: Transitive closure of the nitrate–cytokinin relay and distinct systemic signaling for N supply vs. demand. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.1108684108
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Ruffel, S., Krouk, G., Ristova, D., Shasha, D., Birnbaum, K. D., & Coruzzi, G. M. (2011). Nitrogen economics of root foraging: Transitive closure of the nitrate–cytokinin relay and distinct systemic signaling for N supply vs. demand. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1108684108

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