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Lesion mapping of cognitive control and value-based decision making in the prefrontal cortex
Open accessAbstract
A considerable body of previous research on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has helped characterize the regional specificity of various cognitive functions, such as cognitive control and decision making. Here we provide definitive findings on this topic, using a neuropsychological approach that takes advantage of a unique dataset accrued over several decades. We applied voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping in 344 individuals with focal lesions (165 involving the PFC) who had been tested on a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tasks. Two distinct functional-anatomical networks were revealed within the PFC: one associated with cognitive control (response inhibition, conflict monitoring, and switching), which included the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex and a second associated with value-based decision-making, which included the orbitofrontal, ventromedial, and frontopolar cortex. Furthermore, cognitive control tasks shared a common performance factor related to set shifting that was linked to the rostral anterior cingulate cortex. By contrast, regions in the ventral PFC were required for decision-making. These findings provide detailed causal evidence for a remarkable functional-anatomical specificity in the human PFC.
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“The VMPFC has long been implicated in reward-related decision-making (Bechara et al., 1997, 2005; Glascher et al., 2012)”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Glascher et al., 2012
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gläscher, J., Adolphs, R., Damasio, H., Bechara, A., Rudrauf, D., Calamia, M., Paul, L. K., & Tranel, D.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Dana and David Dornsife Cognitive Neuroscience Imaging Institute and
- University of Southern California (US)
- Departments of gNeurology and
- University of Iowa (US)
- Divisions of aHumanities and Social Sciences and
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2012-08-20
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 36
- Pages
- 14681-14686
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3437894
- OpenAlex
- W1998128125
- Cited by
- 476
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 36
- FWCI
- 19.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p50ns019632-28)
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH094258)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA022549)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P50-NS019632, P50NS19632)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- prefrontal cortex, cognitive control, value-based decision making, lesion-symptom mapping, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, frontopolar cortex, response inhibition, conflict monitoring, set-shifting
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Decision Making, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Iowa, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Net, Neuropsychological Tests, Social Values, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Linear Models, Prefrontal Cortex, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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