Cited by 265Cellular Mechanics and InteractionsCell Adhesion Molecules Research3D Printing in Biomedical Research

Mechanotransduction of fluid stresses governs 3D cell migration

Open access
Polacheck, William J., German, Alexandra E., Mammoto, Akiko, Ingber, Donald E., Kamm, Roger D.·2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Significance: Interstitial flow (IF) is elevated in solid tumors and imparts fluid stresses on tumor cells within the extracellular matrix (ECM), and these fluid stresses must be balanced by stress in matrix adhesions to maintain static equilibrium. This force balance results in greater matrix adhesion tension on the upstream side of the cell, and we demonstrate that this tension activates β1-integrin adhesion complexes, resulting in localization and activation of focal adhesion (FA) proteins near the upstream membrane. Importantly, we demonstrate that this asymmetric FA activation governs the direction of cell migration in 3D, and therefore our data show that mechanical stress acting on cells within a 3D ECM is a fundamental directional migratory stimulus.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1316848111

Cites

48 of 48 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Most research is focused on how IFP prompts cancer cell migration and metastasis.

    “Most research is focused on how IFP prompts cancer cells migration and metastasis [157,[167][168][169].”

    From Microfluidic modelling of the tumor microenvironment for anti-cancer drug development (2019) · cites this paper as [168]

    The introduction (p. 2) says elevated interstitial fluid pressure drives interstitial flow that influences tumor-cell migration. The Discussion (p. 6) links this mechanism to metastasis as a possible implication, but does not demonstrate that it causes metastasis or establish that most research focuses on this question. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The pressure gradient in a microfluidic platform induces cell adhesion activation, cell polarization along flow direction, and migration towards regions with higher pressures.

    “The pressure gradient was found out to induce cell adhesion activation, cell polarization along flow direction and migration towards regions with higher pressures.”
  • Through precise microfluidic designs, microfluidic devices can reconstruct physiological dynamic characteristics in tissues, such as physiological flow, shear stress, nutrient delivery, and drug action, in a controllable environment.

    “Through precise microfluidic designs, microfluidic devices can reconstruct physiological dynamic characteristics in tissues, such as physiological flow, shear stress, nutrient delivery, and drug action, in a controllable environment, providing a platform for cell culture, microenvironment creation, and organ simulation or in vitro assessment of organ tissue60–67.”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Polacheck, W. J., German, A. E., Mammoto, A., Ingber, D. E., & Kamm, R. D.
Affiliations
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
  • Boston Children's Hospital (US)
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2014-02-03
Volume
111
Issue
7
Pages
2447-2452
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2023608795
Cited by
265
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 10
FWCI
11.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (R33CA174550, R21CA140096)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Keywords
rheotaxis, interstitial fluid flow, mechanotransduction, cell migration, solid tumors, interstitial fluid pressure, β1 integrin activation, focal adhesion kinase, vinculin, actin cytoskeleton, cell polarization, type I collagen gel, fluid drag, microfluidic platform
MeSH terms
Cell Movement, Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Models, Biological, Transfection, Vinculin, Integrin beta1, Focal Adhesions, RNA, Small Interfering, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, Extracellular Fluid, Cell Line, Tumor, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Hydrodynamics

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review