The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Contextual effect of positive intergroup contact on outgroup prejudice
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Although mixed social environments can provoke conflict, where this diversity promotes positive intergroup contact, prejudice is reduced. Seven multilevel studies demonstrate that the benefits of intergroup contact are broader than previously thought. Contact not only changes attitudes for individuals experiencing direct positive intergroup contact, their attitudes are also influenced by the behavior (and norms) of fellow ingroup members in their social context. Even individuals experiencing no direct, face-to-face intergroup contact can benefit from living in mixed settings where fellow ingroup members do engage in such contact. Two longitudinal studies rule out selection bias as an explanation for these findings on the contextual level. Prejudice is a function not only of whom you interact with, but also of where you live.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
(1990) · Computers, Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,269
(1954) · Cited by 15,935
A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory.
Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006) · Journal of personality and social psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751 · Cited by 9,708 · cited 3×
“Second, contact has even more beneficial effects than was previously thought (10, 15).”
BackgroundPettigrew, T. F. (1998) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.65 · Cited by 6,001
Putnam, R. D. (2007) · Scandinavian Political Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00176.x · Cited by 4,027
A general multilevel SEM framework for assessing multilevel mediation
Preacher, K. J., Zyphur, M. J., & Zhang, Z. (2010) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0020141 · Cited by 3,796
Gill, J. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Social Measurement · doi:10.1016/b0-12-369398-5/00166-3 · Cited by 3,114
Quillian, L. (1995) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2096296 · Cited by 2,232
The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice.
Wright, S. C., Aron, A., McLaughlin-Volpe, T., & Ropp, S. A. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.73.1.73 · Cited by 1,443
Social norms and the expression and suppression of prejudice: The struggle for internalization.
Crandall, C. S., Eshleman, A. K., & O’Brien, L. T. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.82.3.359 · Cited by 1,162
Cited by
Reducing intergroup bias through intergroup contact: Twenty years of progress and future directions
Dovidio, J. F., Love, A., Schellhaas, F. M. H., & Hewstone, M. (2017) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430217712052 · Cited by 429
Self-citationThe person-based nature of prejudice: Individual difference predictors of intergroup negativity
Hodson, G., & Dhont, K. (2015) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2015.1070018 · Cited by 244
Boin, J., Rupar, M., Graf, S., Neji, S., Spiegler, O., & Swart, H. (2021) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12419 · Cited by 136
Self-citationHumans adapt to social diversity over time
Ramos, M. R., Bennett, M. R., Massey, D. S., & Hewstone, M. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1818884116 · Cited by 131
Self-citationHäusser, J. A., Junker, N. M., & van Dick, R. (2020) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2668 · Cited by 91
Metadata
- Authors
- Christ, O., Schmid, K., Lolliot, S., Swart, H., Stolle, D., Tausch, N., Al Ramiah, A., Wagner, U., Vertovec, S., & Hewstone, M.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2014-03-03
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3996-4000
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2167358219
- Cited by
- 367
- References
- 32
- FWCI
- 92.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Contextual effect of positive intergroup contact on outgroup prejudice. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.1320901111
- The paper
- Christ, O., Schmid, K., Lolliot, S., Swart, H., Stolle, D., Tausch, N., Al Ramiah, A., Wagner, U., Vertovec, S., & Hewstone, M. (2014). Contextual effect of positive intergroup contact on outgroup prejudice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1320901111
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.