The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Childhood bullying involvement predicts low-grade systemic inflammation into adulthood
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Bullying is a common childhood experience that affects children at all income levels and racial/ethnic groups. Being a bully victim has long-term adverse consequences on physical and mental health and financial functioning, but bullies themselves display few ill effects. Here, we show that victims suffer from greater increases in low-grade systemic inflammation from childhood to young adulthood than are seen in others. In contrast, bullies showed lower increases in inflammation into adulthood compared with those uninvolved in bullying. Elevated systemic low-grade inflammation is a mechanism by which this common childhood social adversity may get under the skin to affect adult health functioning, even many years later.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Similarly, exposure to bullying during childhood and adolescence is associated with elevated CRP during early (Copeland et al., 2014) and middle adulthood (Takizawa et al., 2015)”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as Copeland et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Other studies failed to detect this reduction (3, 103, 122, 224, 234, 254, 469, 580).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [122]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395
Pearson, T. A., Mensah, G. A., Alexander, R. W., Anderson, J. L., Cannon, R. O., Criqui, M., Fadl, Y. Y., Fortmann, S. P., Hong, Y., Myers, G. L., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000052939.59093.45 · Cited by 6,401
Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213 · Cited by 5,436
C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Pradhan, A. D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.3.327 · Cited by 4,433
Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence
Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.837 · Cited by 4,035
Self-citationCytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression
Raison, C. L., Capuron, L., & Miller, A. H. (2006) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2005.11.006 · Cited by 3,009
PearsonT, A., MensahG, A., & AlexanderR, W. (2003) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00008483-200305000-00016 · Cited by 2,937
Ridker, P. M., Buring, J. E., Cook, N. R., & Rifai, N. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000055014.62083.05 · Cited by 2,292
The influence of social hierarchy on primate health
Sapolsky, R. M. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1106477 · Cited by 2,113 · cited 1×
“Our findings also are consistent with studies showing lower inflammation rates for individuals with higher SES (23) and studies with nonhuman primates showing health benefits for those higher in the social hierarchy (40).”
Result
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bullying Prevalence Across Contexts: A Meta-analysis Measuring Cyber and Traditional Bullying
Modecki, K. L., Minchin, J., Harbaugh, A. G., Guerra, N. G., & Runions, K. C. (2014) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.007 · Cited by 1,659
The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease
Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Haack, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00010.2018 · Cited by 1,479
“Notably, chronic sleep disturbances may be the cause or the consequence of other known triggers of low-grade inflammation, including circadian disruption (370), obesity (406), adverse lifestyle habits like physical inactivity (431) and unhealthy food (508), and psychosocial influences like stress (121, 189, 454, 525),…”
BackgroundMoore, S. E., Norman, R. E., Suetani, S., Thomas, H. J., Sly, P. D., & Scott, J. G. (2017) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v7.i1.60 · Cited by 1,320
Dieter Wolke, C., & Lereya, S. T. (2015) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2014-306667 · Cited by 809
Self-citationLereya, S. T., Copeland, W. E., Costello, E. J., & Wolke, D. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00165-0 · Cited by 590
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Copeland, W. E., Wolke, D., Lereya, S. T., Shanahan, L., Worthman, C., & Costello, E. J.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Department of Psychology and Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;
- University of Warwick (GB)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Copeland, William E.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2014-05-12
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 7570-7575
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4040559
- OpenAlex
- W2159691606
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 41.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- William T. Grant Foundation (MH63671, MH48085, DA/MH11301, MH63970)
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (MH63970, MH48085, MH63671, DA/MH11301)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/K003593/1)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-63671, R01MH063970, R01MH048085, DA/MH11301, MH-63970, MH080230, MH63970, MH63671, MH48085, R03MH094605, and MH080230, MH-48085, K23MH080230, R01MH063671)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (MH63671, MH63970, MH48085, DA/MH11301, P30DA023026, R01DA011301, DA023026)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- childhood bullying, bullying victimization, bullying perpetration, C-reactive protein, low-grade inflammation, biological embedding, social adversity, dominance, psychosocial adversity, adolescent development, early adulthood, Great Smoky Mountains Study
- MeSH terms
- C-Reactive Protein, Child, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Longitudinal Studies, North Carolina, Prospective Studies, Fluoroimmunoassay, Models, Statistical, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Bullying
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
