Disruption of multisystem responses to stress in type 2 diabetes: Investigating the dynamics of allostatic load
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Our observations provide evidence to link epidemiological studies implicating stress-related processes with biological dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. The patterns of cardiovascular, inflammatory, neuroendocrine, and cholesterol responses exemplify the disturbances of reactivity and recovery predicted by the allostatic load model, including prolonged responses to stress due to delayed shutdown of physiological reactivity, and inadequate (blunted) responses resulting in compensatory hyperactivity in other mediating pathways. Chronic allostatic load may be a mechanism through which stress exposures contribute to diabetes risk, while also being implicated in the adverse health consequences of diabetes such as coronary heart disease and cognitive decline.
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Participants with T2DM displayed reduced cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, inflammatory and metabolic responses to acute stress, coupled with impaired post-stress recovery.
“Notably, participants with T2DM displayed reduced cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, inflammatory and metabolic responses to acute stress, coupled with impaired post-stress recovery.”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as [59]
This study was cross-sectional, precluding inferences about causality.
“This study was cross-sectional, precluding inferences about causality.”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as [59]
In an analysis of 140 individuals with T2DM and 280 healthy controls matched for age, sex and income, people with T2DM experience chronic allostatic load, which manifested as alterations in biological responses to acute mental stress.
“The investigators reported that people with T2DM experience chronic allostatic load, which manifested as alterations in biological responses to acute mental stress.”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as [59]
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Development of a Systems Medicine Approach to Spinal Cord Injury
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Sex differences in interleukin‐6 stress responses in people with Type 2 diabetes
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Stress resilience and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Diabetes and the Nervous System
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- Authors
- Steptoe, A., Hackett, R. A., Lazzarino, A. I., Bostock, S., La Marca, R., Carvalho, L. A., & Hamer, M.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, CH-8050 Zürich, Germany
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2014-10-20
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 44
- Pages
- 15693-15698
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4226108
- OpenAlex
- W2100548723
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 6.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- British Heart Foundation (RG/10/05/28296, RG/10/005/28296)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, allostatic load, psychological stress, stress reactivity, salivary cortisol, interleukin-6, blood pressure, heart rate, cholesterol, depressive symptoms, hostility, neuroendocrine response, inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Middle Aged, Stress, Physiological, Interleukin-6, Allostasis
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