The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evidence for indigenous nitrogen in sedimentary and aeolian deposits from the Curiosity rover investigations at Gale crater, Mars
Open accessAbstract
Significance: We present data supporting the presence of an indigenous source of fixed nitrogen on the surface of Mars in the form of nitrate. This fixed nitrogen may indicate the first stage in development of a primitive nitrogen cycle on the surface of ancient Mars and would have provided a biochemically accessible source of nitrogen.
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“Small quantities of nitrates are also present in Martian sedimentary deposits (Stern et al., 2015).”
From Cyanobacteria and microalgae in supporting human habitation on Mars (2022) · cites this paper as Stern et al., 2015
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“It is also worth noting that the Curiosity rover investigations at Gale crater on Mars discovered indigenous N in sedimentary and aeolian deposits (Stern et al., 2015), although its exact concentration and potential use for plant growth is debatable.”
From The Potential for Lunar and Martian Regolith Simulants to Sustain Plant Growth: A Multidisciplinary Overview (2022) · cites this paper as Stern et al., 2015
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“Oxychlorine species are also present in martian soil and could include (per)chlorate salts (Hecht et al., 2009; Sutter et al., 2017) and/or peroxide species (Clancy et al., 2004; Crandall et al., 2017). Nitrates are also present (Stern et al., 2015).”
From Mars global simulant MGS-1: A Rocknest-based open standard for basaltic martian regolith simulants (2019) · cites this paper as Stern et al., 2015
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Andrejkovičová, S., McAdam, A. C., Stern, J. C., Millan, M., Navarro-González, R., Knudson, C. A., Wieman, S. T., Rampe, E. B., Ming, D. W., Achilles, C. N., et al. (2026) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2025je009610
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Metadata
- Authors
- Stern, J. C., Sutter, B., Freissinet, C., Navarro-González, R., McKay, C. P., Archer, P. D., Buch, A., Brunner, A. E., Coll, P., Eigenbrode, J. L., Fairen, A. G., Franz, H. B., Glavin, D. P., Kashyap, S., McAdam, A. C., Ming, D. W., Steele, A., Szopa, C., Wray, J. J., Martín-Torres, F. J., Zorzano, M.-P., Conrad, P. G., Mahaffy, P. R., the MSL Science Team, Kemppinen, O., Bridges, N., Johnson, J. R., Minitti, M., Cremers, D., Bell, J. F., Edgar, L., Farmer, J., Godber, A., Wadhwa, M., Wellington, D., McEwan, I., Newman, C., Richardson, M., Charpentier, A., Peret, L., King, P., Blank, J., Weigle, G., Schmidt, M., Li, S., Milliken, R., Robertson, K., Sun, V., Baker, M., Edwards, C., Ehlmann, B., Farley, K., Griffes Shechet, J., Grotzinger, J., Miller, H., Newcombe, M., Pilorget, C., Rice, M., Siebach, K., Stack, K., Stolper, E., Brunet, C., Hipkin, V., Léveillé, R., Marchand, G., Sánchez, P. S., Favot, L., Cody, G., Steele, A., Flückiger, L., Lees, D., Nefian, A., Martin, M., Westall, F., Israël, G., Agard, C., Baroukh, J., Donny, C., Guillemot, P., Lafaille, V., Lorigny, E., Paillet, A., Pérez, R., Saccoccio, M., Yana, C., Armiens‐Aparicio, C., Rodríguez, J. C., Blázquez, I. C., Gómez, F. G., Gómez-Elvira, J., Hettrich, S., Malvitte, A. L., Jiménez, M. M., Martínez-Frías, J., Martín-Soler, J., - Torres, F. J. M., Jurado, A. M., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Caro, G. M., López, S. N., Peinado-González, V., Pla-García, J., Manfredi, J. A. R., Romeral-Planelló, J. J., Fuentes, S. A. S., Martinez, E. S., Redondo, J. T., Urqui-O'Callaghan, R., Mier, M.-P. Z., Chipera, S., Lacour, J.-L., Mauchien, P., Sirven, J.-B., Manning, H., Fairén, A., Hayes, A., Joseph, J., Squyres, S., Sullivan, R., Thomas, P., Dupont, A., Lundberg, A., Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., DeMarines, J., Grinspoon, D., Reitz, G., Prats, B., Atlaskin, E., Genzer, M., Harri, A.-M., Haukka, H., Kahanpää, H., Kauhanen, J., Kemppinen, O., Paton, M., Polkko, J., Schmidt, W., Siili, T., Fabre, C., Wray, J., Wilhelm, M. B., Poitrasson, F., Patel, K., Gorevan, S., Indyk, S., Paulsen, G., Gupta, S., Bish, D., Schieber, J., Gondet, B., Langevin, Y., Geffroy, C., Baratoux, D., Berger, G., Cros, A., d’Uston, C., Forni, O., Gasnault, O., Lasue, J., Lee, Q.-M., Maurice, S., Meslin, P.-Y., Pallier, E., Parot, Y., Pinet, P., Schröder, S., Toplis, M., Lewin, É., Brunner, W., Heydari, E., Achilles, C., Oehler, D., Sutter, B., Cabane, M., Coscia, D., Israël, G., Szopa, C., Dromart, G., Robert, F., Sautter, V., Le Mouélic, S., Mangold, N., Nachon, M., Buch, A., Stalport, F., Coll, P., François, P., Raulin, F., Teinturier, S., Cameron, J., Clegg, S., Cousin, A., DeLapp, D., Dingler, R., Jackson, R. S., Johnstone, S., Lanza, N., Little, C., Nelson, T., Wiens, R. C., Williams, R. B., Jones, A., Kirkland, L., Treiman, A., Baker, B., Cantor, B., Caplinger, M., Davis, S., Duston, B., Edgett, K., Fay, D., Hardgrove, C., Harker, D., Herrera, P., Jensen, E., Kennedy, M. R., Krezoski, G., Krysak, D., Lipkaman, L., Malin, M., McCartney, E., McNair, S., Nixon, B., Posiolova, L., Ravine, M., Salamon, A., Saper, L., Stoiber, K., Supulver, K., Van Beek, J., Van Beek, T., Zimdar, R., French, K. L., Iagnemma, K., Miller, K., Summons, R., Goesmann, F., Goetz, W., Hviid, S., Johnson, M., Lefavor, M., Lyness, E., Breves, E., Dyar, M. D., Fassett, C., Blake, D. F., Bristow, T., DesMarais, D., Edwards, L., Haberle, R., Hoehler, T., Hollingsworth, J., Kahre, M., Keely, L., McKay, C., Wilhelm, M. B., Bleacher, L., Brinckerhoff, W., Choi, D., Conrad, P., Dworkin, J. P., Eigenbrode, J., Floyd, M., Freissinet, C., Garvin, J., Glavin, D., Harpold, D., Jones, A., Mahaffy, P., Martin, D. K., McAdam, A., Pavlov, A., Raaen, E., Smith, M. D., Stern, J., Tan, F., Trainer, M., Meyer, M., Posner, A., Voytek, M., Anderson, R. C., Aubrey, A., Beegle, L. W., Behar, A., Blaney, D., Brinza, D., Calef, F., Christensen, L., Crisp, J. A., DeFlores, L., Ehlmann, B., Feldman, J., Flesch, G., Hurowitz, J., Jun, I., Keymeulen, D., Maki, J., Mischna, M., Morookian, J. M., Parker, T., Pavri, B., Schoppers, M., Sengstacken, A., Simmonds, J. J., Spanovich, N., Juarez, M. D. L. T., Vasavada, A. R., Webster, C. R., Yen, A., Archer, P. D., Cucinotta, F., Jones, J. H., Ming, D., Morris, R. V., Niles, P., Rampe, E., Nolan, T., Fisk, M., Radziemski, L., Barraclough, B., Bender, S., Berman, D., Dobrea, E. N., Tokar, R., Vaniman, D., Williams, R. M. E., Yingst, A., Lewis, K., Leshin, L., Cleghorn, T., Huntress, W., Manhès, G., Hudgins, J., Olson, T., Stewart, N., Sarrazin, P., Grant, J., Vicenzi, E., Wilson, S. A., Bullock, M., Ehresmann, B., Hamilton, V., Hassler, D., Peterson, J., Rafkin, S., Zeitlin, C., Fedosov, F., Golovin, D., Karpushkina, N., Kozyrev, A., Litvak, M., Malakhov, A., Mitrofanov, I., Mokrousov, M., Nikiforov, S., Prokhorov, V., Sanin, A., Tretyakov, V., Varenikov, A., Vostrukhin, A., Kuzmin, R., Clark, B., Wolff, M., McLennan, S., Botta, O., Drake, D., Bean, K., Lemmon, M., Schwenzer, S. P., Anderson, R. B., Herkenhoff, K., Lee, E. M., Sucharski, R., Hernández, M. Á. D. P., Ávalos, J. J. B., Ramos, M., Kim, M.-H., Malespin, C., Plante, I., Muller, J.-P., Navarro-González, R., Ewing, R., Boynton, W., Downs, R., Fitzgibbon, M., Harshman, K., Morrison, S., Dietrich, W., Kortmann, O., Palucis, M., Sumner, D. Y., Williams, A., Lugmair, G., Wilson, M. A., Rubin, D., Jakosky, B., Balic-Zunic, T., Frydenvang, J., Jensen, J. K., Kinch, K., Koefoed, A., Madsen, M. B., Stipp, S. L. S., Boyd, N., Campbell, J. L., Gellert, R., Perrett, G., Pradler, I., VanBommel, S., Jacob, S., Owen, T., Rowland, S., Atlaskin, E., Savijärvi, H., Boehm, E., Böttcher, S., Burmeister, S., Guo, J., Köhler, J., García, C. M., Mueller-Mellin, R., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R., Bridges, J. C., McConnochie, T., Benna, M., Franz, H., Bower, H., Brunner, A., Blau, H., Boucher, T., Carmosino, M., Atreya, S., Elliott, H., Halleaux, D., Rennó, N., Wong, M., Pepin, R., Elliott, B., Spray, J., Thompson, L., Gordon, S., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Williams, J., Vasconcelos, P., Bentz, J., Nealson, K., Popa, R., Kah, L. C., Moersch, J., Tate, C., Day, M., Kocurek, G., Hallet, B., Sletten, R., Francis, R., McCullough, E., Cloutis, E., ten Kate, I. L., Kuzmin, R., Arvidson, R., Fraeman, A., Scholes, D., Slavney, S., Stein, T., Ward, J., Berger, J., Moores, J. E., Mitchell, J., Jean-Rigaud, L., Lee, R., Nikitczuk, M., Thomas, A., Kaplan, H., Buz, J., Lapôtre, M., Nastan, A., Anderson, D., Said, D., Larif, M.-F., Mousset, V., Alves Verdasca, J. A., Martín-Sauceda Martín, J., Moreno, G., Valentín-Serrano, P., Ullán-Nieto, A., Mendaza de Cal, T., Azeez, S., Ren, J., Mrigakshi, A., Ritter, B., Berger, T., Matthiä, D., Genzer, M., Mäkinen, T., Merikallio, S., Spring, J., Daydou, Y., Rapin, W., Beck, P., Archer, P. D., Abbey, W., Blacksberg, J., Lichtenberg, K., Milkovich, S., Schroeder, J., Scodary, A., Williford, K., Bonnet, J.-Y., Millan, M., Thuillier, F., Joulin, M., Le Deit, L., Dequaire, T., Hardy, K., Pagel, H., Parra, A., Beach, M., Magee, A., McBride, M., Kotrc, B., Berlanga, G., Ozanne, M., Lepore, K., Arevalo, R., Domagal-Goldman, S., Getty, S., Graham, H., Cropper, K., Lisov, D., Shterts, R., Dehouck, E., Battalio, M., Mason, E., McLain, H., Starr, R., Kirk, R., de Vicente-Retortillo Rubalcaba, Á., Guzewich, S., Fendrich, K., Appel, J. K., Kharytonov, A., Lohf, H., Orthen, T., Edwards, P., Kashyap, S., Pinnick, V., Carey, C., Sciascia Borlina, C., Desrousseaux, R., Fischer, E., Martínez Martínez, G., Becker, R., Liu, L., Stewart, W., Coman, E. I., Fox, V., McCullough, E., Francis, R., Matthews, T., Moore, C., & Kloos, J.
- Affiliations
- Solar System Exploration Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771;
- Exobiology Branch, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA 94035;
- Jacobs Technology, Inc., Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058;
- Centro de Astrobiologia, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain;
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058;
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332;
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas–Universidad de Granada), 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- Ames Research Center (US)
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (FR)
- Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
- Centro de Astrobiología (ES)
- Johnson Space Center (US)
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (FR)
- Centre de recherche public Henri-Tudor (LU)
- ORCID
- Bridges, Nathan
- Johnson, Jeffrey R.
- Minitti, Michelle
- Bell, James F.
- Edgar, Lauren
- Wadhwa, Meenakshi
- Wellington, Danika
- Newman, Claire
- Richardson, Mark
- King, Penelope
- Blank, Jennifer
- Schmidt, Mariek
- Li, Shuai
- Milliken, Ralph
- Sun, Vivian
- Edwards, Christopher
- Farley, Kenneth
- Grotzinger, John
- Miller, Hayden
- Newcombe, Megan
- Pilorget, Cedric
- Rice, Melissa
- Siebach, Kirsten
- Stolper, Edward
- Léveillé, Richard
- Cody, George
- Flückiger, Lorenzo
- Donny, Christophe
- Guillemot, Philippe
- Paillet, Alexis
- Pérez, René
- Yana, Charles
- Gómez, Felipe Gómez
- Hettrich, Sebastian
- Romeral-Planelló, Julio José
- Chipera, Steve
- Sirven, Jean-Baptiste
- Hayes, Alexander
- Joseph, Jonathan
- Sullivan, Robert
- Thomas, Peter
- Lundberg, Angela
- Melikechi, Noureddine
- Grinspoon, David
- Reitz, Günther
- Prats, Benito
- Harri, Ari-Matti
- Haukka, Harri
- Kahanpää, Henrik
- Kauhanen, Janne
- Paton, Mark
- Polkko, Jouni
- Schmidt, Walter
- Fabre, Cécile
- Poitrasson, Franck
- Gupta, Sanjeev
- Bish, David
- Gondet, Brigitte
- Langevin, Yves
- Baratoux, David
- Berger, Gilles
- Forni, Olivier
- Gasnault, Olivier
- Maurice, Sylvestre
- Meslin, Pierre-Yves
- Pinet, Patrick
- Schröder, Susanne
- Toplis, Michael
- Achilles, Cherie
- Oehler, Dorothy
- Sautter, Violaine
- Mangold, Nicolas
- Nachon, Marion
- Stalport, Fabien
- Raulin, François
- Teinturier, Samuel
- Cousin, Agnès
- DeLapp, Dorothea
- Jackson, Ryan Steele
- Johnstone, Stephen
- Lanza, Nina
- Wiens, Roger C.
- Treiman, Allan
- Cantor, Bruce
- Caplinger, Michael
- Edgett, Kenneth
- Hardgrove, Craig
- Jensen, Elsa
- Kennedy, Megan R.
- Krysak, Daniel
- Lipkaman, Leslie
- Malin, Michael
- McNair, Sean
- Nixon, Brian
- Ravine, Michael
- Saper, Lee
- French, Katherine Louise
- Summons, Roger
- Goetz, Walter
- Hviid, Stubbe
- Breves, Elly
- Dyar, M. Darby
- Fassett, Caleb
- Blake, David F.
- Bristow, Thomas
- Haberle, Robert
- Hoehler, Tori
- Kahre, Melinda
- Brinckerhoff, William
- Dworkin, Jason P.
- Garvin, James
- Pavlov, Alexander
- Smith, Michael D.
- Trainer, Melissa
- Posner, Arik
- Anderson, Robert C
- Aubrey, Andrew
- Beegle, Luther W.
- Blaney, Diana
- Calef, Fred
- Christensen, Lance
- Crisp, Joy A.
- Flesch, Gregory
- Hurowitz, Joel
- Jun, Insoo
- Keymeulen, Didier
- Maki, Justin
- Mischna, Michael
- Parker, Timothy
- Pavri, Betina
- Spanovich, Nicole
- Vasavada, Ashwin R.
- Webster, Christopher R.
- Yen, Albert
- Jones, John H.
- Morris, Richard V.
- Niles, Paul
- Rampe, Elizabeth
- Fisk, Martin
- Berman, Daniel
- Vaniman, David
- Williams, Rebecca M. E.
- Yingst, Aileen
- Lewis, Kevin
- Sarrazin, Philippe
- Grant, John
- Vicenzi, Edward
- Wilson, Sharon A.
- Ehresmann, Bent
- Hamilton, Victoria
- Hassler, Donald
- Rafkin, Scot
- Zeitlin, Cary
- Golovin, Dmitry
- Litvak, Maxim
- Malakhov, Alexey
- Mitrofanov, Igor
- Nikiforov, Sergey
- Sanin, Anton
- Clark, Benton
- Wolff, Michael
- McLennan, Scott
- Lemmon, Mark
- Schwenzer, Susanne P.
- Anderson, Ryan B.
- Herkenhoff, Kenneth
- Ramos, Miguel
- Kim, Myung-Hee
- Malespin, Charles
- Plante, Ianik
- Ewing, Ryan
- Boynton, William
- Downs, Robert
- Harshman, Karl
- Morrison, Shaunna
- Dietrich, William
- Palucis, Marisa
- Sumner, Dawn Y.
- Jakosky, Bruce
- Frydenvang, Jens
- Kinch, Kjartan
- Koefoed, Asmus
- Madsen, Morten Bo
- Stipp, Susan Louise Svane
- Gellert, Ralf
- Perrett, Glynis
- VanBommel, Scott
- Jacob, Samantha
- Rowland, Scott
- Savijärvi, Hannu
- Burmeister, Sönke
- Guo, Jingnan
- Köhler, Jan
- Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert
- Bridges, John C.
- Benna, Mehdi
- Boucher, Thomas
- Carmosino, Marco
- Atreya, Sushil
- Elliott, Harvey
- Wong, Michael
- Spray, John
- Thompson, Lucy
- Newsom, Horton
- Ollila, Ann
- Williams, Joshua
- Vasconcelos, Paulo
- Nealson, Kenneth
- Popa, Radu
- Kah, Linda C.
- Tate, Christopher
- Day, Mackenzie
- Hallet, Bernard
- Sletten, Ronald
- Cloutis, Ed
- Arvidson, Raymond
- Fraeman, Abigail
- Stein, Thomas
- Moores, John E.
- Mitchell, Julie
- Nikitczuk, Matthew
- Kaplan, Hannah
- Buz, Jennifer
- Lapôtre, Mathieu
- Anderson, Dana
- Ritter, Birgit
- Berger, Thomas
- Matthiä, Daniel
- Merikallio, Sini
- Rapin, William
- Beck, Pierre
- Abbey, William
- Williford, Kenneth
- Millan, Maëva
- Magee, Angela
- Berlanga, Genesis
- Ozanne, Marie
- Lepore, Kate
- Domagal-Goldman, Shawn
- Getty, Stephanie
- Graham, Heather
- Lisov, Denis
- Dehouck, Erwin
- Mason, Emily
- McLain, Hannah
- Kirk, Randolph
- Guzewich, Scott
- Fendrich, Kim
- Appel, Jan Kristoffer
- Lohf, Henning
- Fischer, Erik
- Becker, Richard
- Fox, Valerie
- Moore, Casey
- Kloos, Jacob
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2015-03-23
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 4245-4250
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4394254
- OpenAlex
- W1748094370
- Cited by
- 225
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 10.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2015-05-14)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- elib (German Aerospace Center) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Goddard Space Flight Center
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Keywords
- nitrate, Gale Crater, Curiosity rover, Sample Analysis at Mars, aeolian deposits, mudstone, nitrogen cycling, nitrogen fixation, habitability, Mars surface
- MeSH terms
- Extraterrestrial Environment, Nitrates, Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen, Temperature, Water, Wind, Mars, Geologic Sediments
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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