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Cited by 327Forensic and Genetic ResearchGenetic diversity and population structureArchaeology and ancient environmental studies

Y genetic data support the Neolithic demic diffusion model

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Chikhi, Lounès, Nichols, Richard A., Barbujani, Guido, Beaumont, Mark A.·2002·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.162158799PMC PMC123201
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Abstract

There still is no general agreement on the origins of the European gene pool, even though Europe has been more thoroughly investigated than any other continent. In particular, there is continuing controversy about the relative contributions of European Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers and of migrant Near Eastern Neolithic farmers, who brought agriculture to Europe. Here, we apply a statistical framework that we have developed to obtain direct estimates of the contribution of these two groups at the time they met. We analyze a large dataset of 22 binary markers from the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY), by using a genealogical likelihood-based approach. The results reveal a significantly larger genetic contribution from Neolithic farmers than did previous indirect approaches based on the distribution of haplotypes selected by using post hoc criteria. We detect a significant decrease in admixture across the entire range between the Near East and Western Europe. We also argue that local hunter-gatherers contributed less than 30% in the original settlements. This finding leads us to reject a predominantly cultural transmission of agriculture. Instead, we argue that the demic diffusion model introduced by Ammerman and Cavalli-Sforza [Ammerman, A. J. & Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. (1984) The Neolithic Transition and the Genetics of Populations in Europe (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton)] captures the major features of this dramatic episode in European prehistory.

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  • Multiple population movements during recent human history could have contributed to shaping Neanderthal ancestry across time and space because distinct expanding populations can carry various levels of Neanderthal ancestry.

    “Therefore, multiple population movements during recent human history could have contributed to shaping NE ancestry across time and space because distinct expanding populations can carry various levels of NE ancestry (20, 31, 39).”

    From Past human expansions shaped the spatial pattern of Neanderthal ancestry (2023) · cites this paper as [39]

    The Abstract and Conclusion describe Neolithic population movements and geographically varying contributions from migrant farmers and local hunter-gatherers in Europe. They do not address Neanderthal ancestry or establish that expanding populations carried different levels of it, so the claim’s specific explanation is unsupported by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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  • As hunter-gatherers spread over Europe, their Neanderthal introgression levels increased because of a combination of stochastic demographic and migratory processes related to gene dilution and gene surfing, which explain the spatial gradients of Neanderthal ancestry observed in hunter-gatherers.

    “According to the expansion hypothesis (19), as HGs spread over Europe, their NE introgression levels increased because of a combination of stochastic demographic and migratory processes related to gene dilution (20, 31, 39) and gene surfing (22, 23), which explain the spatial gradients of NE ancestry observed in HGs (Fig. 5).”

    From Past human expansions shaped the spatial pattern of Neanderthal ancestry (2023) · cites this paper as [39]

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Authors
Chikhi, L., Nichols, R. A., Barbujani, G., & Beaumont, M. A.
Affiliations
Queen Mary University of London (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
2002-08-07
Volume
99
Issue
17
Pages
11008-11013
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.162158799
PMC
PMC123201
OpenAlex
W2141571677
Cited by
327
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 30
FWCI
11.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • University College London
  • Università degli Studi di Ferrara
  • Directorate for Biological Sciences
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
  • Natural Environment Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
Keywords
Neolithic farmers, admixture, Neolithic transition, European prehistory
MeSH terms
Animals, Europe, Gene Frequency, Gene Pool, Genetics, Medical, Humans, Male, Models, Genetic, Paleontology, Regression Analysis, Selection, Genetic, Y Chromosome, Hominidae

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