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Effects of national ecological restoration projects on carbon sequestration in China from 2001 to 2010
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Significance China has launched six key ecological restoration projects since the late 1970s, but the contribution of these projects to terrestrial C sequestration remains unknown. In this study we examined the ecosystem C sink in the project area (∼16% of the country’s land area) and evaluated the project-induced C sequestration. The total annual C sink in the project area between 2001 and 2010 was estimated to be 132 Tg C per y, over half of which (74 Tg C per y, 56%) was caused by the implementation of the six projects. This finding indicates that the implementation of the ecological restoration projects in China has significantly increased ecosystem C sequestration across the country.
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“The total annual C sink of the project area was 132 Tg C year−1 in 2001–2010, over half of which was attributed to the implementation of these projects.176”
From Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality (2021) · cites this paper as [176]
In the citing paper
“Since the late 1970s, China has implemented six major ecological restoration projects, covering 44.8% of China's forests and 23.2% of its grasslands.175,176”
From Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality (2021) · cites this paper as [176]
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Li, D., Wen, L., Xiao, K., Song, T., & Wang, K. (2021) · Land Degradation and Development · doi:10.1002/ldr.3907 · Cited by 25
“Guangxi Bagui Scholarship Program; National High-Level Talents Special Support Program; National Key Research and Development Program of China, Grant/Award Number: 2016YFC0502404; National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Numbers: 41877094, 41771339; the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese A…”
BackgroundInfluentialZhang, Z., Ding, J., Zhu, C., Shi, H., Chen, X., Han, L., & Wang, J. (2022) · Land Degradation and Development · doi:10.1002/ldr.4293 · Cited by 25
“According to a national field and literature survey by Lu et al. (2018), SOCS rose at a mean rate of 2.24 Tg C yr 1 from 2000 to 2010 for the five national ecological restoration projects, with the largest contribution of 43.30% from phase four of the Three-North Shelter Forest Program.”
BackgroundInfluentialLiu, H., Wang, Z., Wang, Z., Zeng, Y., Xue, P., & Zhang, M. (2023) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2023.108636 · Cited by 25
Zhong, J., Cui, L., Deng, Z., Zhang, Y., Lin, J., Guo, G., & Zhang, X. (2023) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/s00267-023-01892-z · Cited by 24
“Since the late 1970s, China has implemented 6 national ERPs (Lu et al. 2018).”
Wang, T., Dong, L., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Frontiers in Forests and Global Change · doi:10.3389/ffgc.2023.1333868 · Cited by 24
Grain for Green Program to Grassland Might Lead to Carbon Sink Leakage in the Loess Plateau
Ma, Y., Li, J. H., Cao, W., & Huang, L. (2025) · Earth s Future · doi:10.1029/2024ef005261 · Cited by 24
“Additionally, the Yangtze River and Zhujiang River Shelter Forest Program contribute an estimated carbon sink increase of around 8.3 Tg C a 1 (F. Lu et al., 2018; Tian et al., 2004).”
InfluentialLi, Y., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Luo, Y., Lian, J., Niu, Y., Gong, X., Yang, H., & Yu, P. (2018) · CATENA · doi:10.1016/j.catena.2018.11.021 · Cited by 24
Prediction model of ecological environmental water demand based on big data analysis
Zhao, L. (2020) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2020.101196 · Cited by 24
Xu, X. H., & Zhang, D. (2021) · Ecological Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101305 · Cited by 24
Identifying trend shifts in vegetation greenness in China from 1982 to 2015
Jiang, P., Ding, W., Yuan, Y., Hu, L., & Ye, W. (2022) · Land Degradation and Development · doi:10.1002/ldr.4240 · Cited by 24
“However, the effectiveness of project implementation varies with topography, climate conditions, and socio-ecological systems and thus has exacerbated the spatial and temporal irregularities and heterogeneity of vegetation dynamics in China (Lu et al., 2018).”
BackgroundResultXie, L., Bai, Z., Yang, B., & Fu, S. (2022) · Land · doi:10.3390/land11081270 · Cited by 24
Ma, S., Wang, L., Wang, H., Jiang, J., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Land Degradation and Development · doi:10.1002/ldr.4543 · Cited by 24
“…and reverse land degradation; these ERPs include the Forest Protection and Construction Programme (FPCP), the Grassland Protection and Construction Programme (GPCP), the Sandy Land Control Programme (SLCP), and the Soil Erosion Control Programme (SECP) (Dong et al., 2022; Lu et al., 2018).”
BackgroundHydrological impacts of vegetation cover change in China through terrestrial moisture recycling
Xie, D., Zhang, Y., Zhang, M., Tian, Y., Cao, Y., Mei, Y., Liu, S., & Zhong, D. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170015 · Cited by 24
Variations in vegetation dynamics and its cause in national key ecological function zones in China
Du, J., Fang, S., Sheng, Z., Wu, J., Quan, Z., & Fu, Q. (2020) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09211-3 · Cited by 24
“…planting trees and grass, enclosures on grasslands, and sandstorm source control projects, improved the vegetation conditions in Horqin (Mu et al. 2012; Yin et al. 2011), Hulunbuir(Zhou et al. 2018b), Three Gorges(Wen et al. 2017), Gannan, etc.(Lu et al. 2018; Tong et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2016).”
BackgroundWan, Y., Wang, Y., Gao, M., & Jin, L. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-52650-y · Cited by 23
Zhang, C., Zhu, T., Nielsen, U. N., Wright, I. J., Li, N., Chen, X., & Liu, M. (2024) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.20166 · Cited by 23
Liu, S., Wang, L., Zhang, J., & Ding, S. (2024) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2024.109364 · Cited by 30
The weak land carbon sink hypothesis
Randerson, J. T., Li, Y., Fu, W., Primeau, F., Kim, J. E., Mu, M., Hoffman, F. M., Trugman, A. T., Yang, L., Wu, C., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr5489 · Cited by 29
“Across China, afforestation efforts in six major ecological restoration projects over the past three decades have led to widespread increases in forest cover ( 53 ) and high rates of carbon accumulation ( 54 ), which are likely to persist in future decades ( 55 ).”
Jensen, D. A., Rao, M., Zhang, J., Grøn, M., Tian, S., Ma, K., & Svenning, J. (2020) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118816 · Cited by 28
Metadata
- Authors
- Lu, F., Hu, H., Sun, W., Zhu, J., Liu, G., Zhou, W., Zhang, Q., Shi, P., Liu, X., Wu, X., Zhang, L., Wei, X., Dai, L., Zhang, K., Sun, Y., Xue, S., Zhang, W., Xiong, D., Deng, L., Liu, B., Zhou, L., Zhang, C., Zheng, X., Cao, J., Huang, Y., He, N., Zhou, G., Bai, Y., Xie, Z., Tang, Z., Wu, B., Fang, J., Liu, G., & Yu, G.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus (CA)
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau (CN)
- Peking University (CN)
- ORCID
- Lu, Fei
- Hu, Huifeng
- Sun, Wenjuan
- Zhu, Jiaojun
- Liu, Guobin
- Zhou, Wangming
- Zhang, Quanfa
- Shi, Peili
- Liu, Xiuping
- Wu, Xing
- Zhang, Lu
- Wei, Xiaohua
- Zhang, Kerong
- Sun, Yirong
- Xue, Sha
- Zhang, Wanjun
- Deng, Lei
- Zhou, Li
- Zhang, Chao
- Zheng, Xiao
- Cao, Jiansheng
- Huang, Yao
- He, Nianpeng
- Zhou, Guoyi
- Bai, Yongfei
- Xie, Zongqiang
- Tang, Zhiyao
- Wu, Bingfang
- Liu, Guohua
- Yu, Guirui
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2018-04-16
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 4039-4044
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC5910802
- OpenAlex
- W2801549624
- Cited by
- 924
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 105 · 2025: 160 · 2024: 164 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 147 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 18
- FWCI
- 161.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institute of Botany, CAS Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Strategic Priority Programme of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05060000, XDA05050700)
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2016YFC0503403, 2017YFA0604702)
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (NA)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Forest, Soil, and Plant Ecology in China
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Environmental Changes in China
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Keywords
- carbon sequestration, terrestrial carbon sink, ecosystem carbon storage, China, land use change, afforestation
- MeSH terms
- Carbon, China, Conservation of Natural Resources, Humans, Plants, Soil, Water Movements, Program Evaluation, Ecosystem, Biomass, Carbon Sequestration, Forests, Grassland
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