Cited by 925Forest, Soil, and Plant Ecology in ChinaEnvironmental Changes in ChinaLand Use and Ecosystem Services

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Effects of national ecological restoration projects on carbon sequestration in China from 2001 to 2010

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Lu, Fei, Hu, Huifeng, Sun, Wenjuan, Zhu, Jiaojun, Liu, Guobin, Zhou, Wangming, Zhang, Quanfa, Shi, Peili, Liu, Xiuping, Wu, Xing, Zhang, Lu, Wei, Xiaohua, Dai, Limin, Zhang, Kerong, Sun, Yirong, Xue, Sha, Zhang, Wanjun, Xiong, Dingpeng, Deng, Lei, Liu, Bojie, Zhou, Li, Zhang, Chao, Zheng, Xiao, Cao, Jiansheng, Huang, Yao, He, Nianpeng, Zhou, Guoyi, Bai, Yongfei, Xie, Zongqiang, Tang, Zhiyao, Wu, Bingfang, Fang, Jingyun, Liu, Guohua, Yu, Guirui·2018·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.1700294115PMC PMC5910802

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Abstract

Significance China has launched six key ecological restoration projects since the late 1970s, but the contribution of these projects to terrestrial C sequestration remains unknown. In this study we examined the ecosystem C sink in the project area (∼16% of the country’s land area) and evaluated the project-induced C sequestration. The total annual C sink in the project area between 2001 and 2010 was estimated to be 132 Tg C per y, over half of which (74 Tg C per y, 56%) was caused by the implementation of the six projects. This finding indicates that the implementation of the ecological restoration projects in China has significantly increased ecosystem C sequestration across the country.

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Xu, S., Su, Y., Yan, W., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Li, J., Qian, K., Yang, X., & Ma, X. (2023) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs15143519 · Cited by 18
Drought will constrain ongoing increase in net ecosystem productivity under future climate warming over alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China
Zuo, C., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Ye, H., Wang, S., Watson, A. E., Li, Y., & Zhao, X. (2023) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110823 · Cited by 19
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“…of ecological engineering construction in China, especially windbreak forests, sand-fixation forests, and farmland shelterbelts, which not only improve and protect the ecological environment but also play an important role in improving regional vegetation coverage and productivity (Lu et al. 2018).”
Background
Impact of greening trends on biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in China from 1985 to 2022: Contributions of afforestation projects
Gai, Y., Sun, L., Fu, S., Zhu, C., Zhu, C., Li, R., Liu, Z., Wang, B., Wang, C., Yang, N., et al. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172551 · Cited by 17
Bacterial community drives soil organic carbon transformation in vanadium titanium magnetite tailings through remediation using Pongamia pinnata
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The three-dimension zonal pattern of soil organic carbon density in China’s forests
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Climate change enhances the positive contribution of human activities to vegetation restoration in China
Liu, M., Bai, X., Tan, Q., Luo, G., Zhao, C., Wu, L., Luo, X., Chen, R., & Zhang, S. (2022) · Geocarto International · doi:10.1080/10106049.2022.2082542 · Cited by 16
“The Beijing-Tianjin Sand-source Control Project and the ‘Three North Shelterbelt Project’ has played a huge role in protecting and improving the ecological environment in here (Wu et al. 2016; Lu et al. 2018).”
Background
Impacts of China’s Western Development and Protection Strategy: An Ecosystem Services Perspective of Western China
Wang, Y., Lin, N., Gao, J., Zou, C., & Xu, D. (2022) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d14100863 · Cited by 16
Ecosystem service assessment under ecological restoration programs: A systematic review of studies from China
Liu, J., Du, J., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Yang, H., Donald, M. L., Wu, Y., & Dong, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1152907 · Cited by 16
Impacts of land cover changes on dust emissions in northern China (2000–2020)
Song, H., Min, R., Song, G., Zhai, S., Wang, D., Wang, Y., & Bai, T. (2024) · Land Degradation and Development · doi:10.1002/ldr.5094 · Cited by 16
“Over the past two decades, China has implemented several large-scale Ecological Restoration Projects (ERPs), leading to substantial changes in land cover, particularly in northern China since 2000 (Lu et al., 2018; Viña et al., 2016; Shao et al., 2022).”
Background
Contributions of China's terrestrial ecosystem carbon uptakes to offsetting CO2 emissions under different scenarios over 2001–2060
Xu, M., Zhang, Z., Yue, C., Zhao, J., Zhang, P., Wang, M., Wang, J., Zhao, H., Liu, J., Tang, X., et al. (2024) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104485 · Cited by 15
The effect of carbon taxes and subsidies on forest carbon sequestration in China
Long, Y., Zhu, Z., Hong, Y.-Z., Gong, Z., Li, H., & Zhang, H. (2024) · Forest Policy and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103316 · Cited by 16
Elevation-dependent effects of growing season length on carbon sequestration in Xizang Plateau grassland
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Application of waste eggshells elevates phytoremediation efficiency of Pb-Zn mine-contaminated farmland and mitigates soil greenhouse gas emissions: A field study
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Identification of degradation risk areas and delineation of key ecological function areas in Qinling region
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“These ecological restoration projects have improved the quality and functionality of regional ecosystems and established a robust ecological foundation for the sustainable development of the regional economy and society 32 .”
Spatio-Temporal Change of Land Use in a Coastal Reclamation Area: A Complex Network Approach
Xu, C., Pu, L., Kong, F., & Li, B. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13168690 · Cited by 15
“Land use and land cover change can markedly impact the climate and the ecosystem at regional and global levels [6].”
Background
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Exploring ecosystem carbon storage change and scenario simulation in the Qiantang River source region of China
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Quantitative assessment of vegetation suitability in China based on carbon-water balance
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Spatiotemporal Relationship between Ecological Restoration Space and Ecosystem Services in the Yellow River Basin, China
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A wavelet coherence approach to zoning supply-demand matching of carbon sequestration service
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Carbon Sequestration Potential of Biomass Production along Highways in China
Ge, X., Zhang, J., Wen, Y., Yu, Q., Liu, M., Huang, Y., Zhang, S., & Duan, L. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c06267 · Cited by 15
Human-earth system dynamics in China's land use pattern transformation amidst climate fluctuations and human activities
Huang, X., Liu, Y., & Stouffs, R. M. F. A. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176013 · Cited by 15
Desertification sensitivity and its impacts on land use change in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China
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The change pattern and spatiotemporal transition of land use carbon emissions in China's Three-North Shelterbelt Program Region
Yang, L., Wang, C., Liu, Y., Wang, T., Tian, Z., Ding, L., Liu, Z., Feng, T., Niu, Q., Mao, X., et al. (2025) · Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107680 · Cited by 15
Evaluating and improving simulations of diurnal variation in land surface temperature with the Community Land Model for the Tibetan Plateau
Ma, X., Jin, J., Zhu, L., & Liu, J. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.11040 · Cited by 15
“The dataset provides complete, high precision soil properties that can be used as input parameters for LSMs, and has been widely used for regional land surface modeling (Bi et al., 2016) and biogeochemical research (Lu et al., 2018a; Zhang et al., 2019).”
Method
Do Forest Landscape Pattern Planning and Optimization Play a Role in Enhancing Soil Conservation Services in Mountain Areas of Western China?
Gong, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Y., Jin, T., & Xu, C. (2021) · Chinese Geographical Science · doi:10.1007/s11769-021-1230-8 · Cited by 15
Widespread Mismatch Between Phenology and Climate in Human‐Dominated Landscapes
Song, Y., Zajic, C. J., Hwang, T., Hakkenberg, C. R., & Zhu, K. (2021) · AGU Advances · doi:10.1029/2021av000431 · Cited by 23
Climate change mitigation policy and human health: Evidence from the forest farm carbon sink projects in China
Liu, J., Ren, Y., Glauben, T., & Sun, Z. (2026) · Environmental Impact Assessment Review · doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2026.108424 · Cited by 14
Changing rural livelihood activities may reduce the effectiveness of ecological restoration projects
Dang, D., Li, X., Li, S., Li, X., Lyu, X., Dou, H., Li, M., Liu, S., Xuan, X., & Wang, K. (2022) · Land Degradation and Development · doi:10.1002/ldr.4465 · Cited by 14
The Great Green Wall Initiatives and Opportunities for Integration of Dryland Agroforestry to Mitigate Desertification
Sileshi, G. W., Dagar, J. C., Kuyah, S., & Datta, A. (2023) · Sustainability Sciences in Asia and Africa · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4602-8_6 · Cited by 17

Authors: Lu, F., Hu, H., Sun, W., Zhu, J., Liu, G., Zhou, W., Zhang, Q., Shi, P., Liu, X., Wu, X., Zhang, L., Wei, X., Dai, L., Zhang, K., Sun, Y., Xue, S., Zhang, W., Xiong, D., Deng, L., Liu, B., Zhou, L., Zhang, C., Zheng, X., Cao, J., Huang, Y., He, N., Zhou, G., Bai, Y., Xie, Z., Tang, Z., Wu, B., Fang, J., Liu, G., & Yu, G.
Affiliations: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus (CA)
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau (CN)
Peking University (CN)
ORCID: Lu, Fei
Hu, Huifeng
Sun, Wenjuan
Zhu, Jiaojun
Liu, Guobin
Zhou, Wangming
Zhang, Quanfa
Shi, Peili
Liu, Xiuping
Wu, Xing
Zhang, Lu
Wei, Xiaohua
Zhang, Kerong
Sun, Yirong
Xue, Sha
Zhang, Wanjun
Deng, Lei
Zhou, Li
Zhang, Chao
Zheng, Xiao
Cao, Jiansheng
Huang, Yao
He, Nianpeng
Zhou, Guoyi
Bai, Yongfei
Xie, Zongqiang
Tang, Zhiyao
Wu, Bingfang
Liu, Guohua
Yu, Guirui
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2018-04-16
Volume: 115
Issue: 16
Pages: 4039-4044
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700294115
PMC: PMC5910802
OpenAlex: W2801549624
Cited by: 924
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 105 · 2025: 160 · 2024: 164 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 147 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 18
FWCI: 161.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.pnas.org/site/aboutpnas/licenses.xhtml (vor, 183 d)
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Institute of Botany, CAS Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
Funders: Strategic Priority Programme of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05060000, XDA05050700)
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2016YFC0503403, 2017YFA0604702)
Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (NA)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Forest, Soil, and Plant Ecology in China
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Environmental Changes in China
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
Keywords: carbon sequestration, terrestrial carbon sink, ecosystem carbon storage, China, land use change, afforestation
MeSH terms: Carbon, China, Conservation of Natural Resources, Humans, Plants, Soil, Water Movements, Program Evaluation, Ecosystem, Biomass, Carbon Sequestration, Forests, Grassland

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Effects of national ecological restoration projects on carbon sequestration in China from 2001 to 2010

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