A century of research on conscientiousness at work

Wilmot, Michael P.; Ones, Deniz S.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1908430116

Cited by 215Personality Traits and PsychologyJob Satisfaction and Organizational BehaviorGrit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation

A century of research on conscientiousness at work

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Wilmot, Michael P., Ones, Deniz S.·2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.1908430116PMC PMC6859351

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Abstract

Significance: Conscientiousness (C) is the most potent noncognitive predictor of occupational performance. However, questions remain about how C relates to a plethora of occupational variables, what its defining characteristics and functions are in occupational settings, and whether its performance relation differs across occupations. To answer these questions, we quantitatively review 92 meta-analyses reporting relations to 175 occupational variables. Across variables, results reveal a substantial mean effect of ρ ¯ M = 20 . We then use results to synthesize 10 themes that characterize C in occupational settings. Finally, we discover that performance effects of C are weaker in high-complexity versus low- to moderate-complexity occupations. Thus, for optimal occupational performance, we encourage decision makers to match C’s goal-directed motivation and behavioral restraint to more predictable environments.

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Authors: Wilmot, M. P., & Ones, D. S.
Affiliations: University of Toronto (CA)
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
Corresponding author: Wilmot, Michael P.
ORCID: Wilmot, Michael P.
Ones, Deniz S.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2019-10-30
Volume: 116
Issue: 46
Pages: 23004-23010
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908430116
PMC: PMC6859351
OpenAlex: W2982332163
Cited by: 215
References: 78
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 1
FWCI: 2.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.pnas.org/site/aboutpnas/licenses.xhtml (vor, 183 d)
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
Keywords: conscientiousness, employee behavior, occupational complexity, motivation, perseverance, self-regulation, counterproductive behavior, interpersonal responsibility, employee performance
MeSH terms: Work Performance, Conscience, Humans, Motivation, Occupations

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