The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies.
Abstract
The present study used meta-analytic techniques to test whether trait consistency maximizes and stabilizes at a specific period in the life course. From 152 longitudinal studies, 3,217 test-retest correlation coefficients were compiled. Meta-analytic estimates of mean population test-retest correlation coefficients showed that trait consistency increased from .31 in childhood to .54 during the college years, to .64 at age 30, and then reached a plateau around .74 between ages 50 and 70 when time interval was held constant at 6.7 years. Analysis of moderators of consistency showed that the longitudinal time interval had a negative relation to trait consistency and that temperament dimensions were less consistent than adult personality traits.
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Personality traits can and do change across the entire life span.
“Their relatively stable nature notwithstanding, personality traits can and do change across the entire life span.”
From Life Events and Personality Trait Change. (2018) · cites this paper as Roberts & DelVecchio, 2000
The rank-order stability of personality traits is far from perfect over moderately long intervals and decreases over increasingly long delays.
“In fact, the rank-order stability of personality traits is far from perfect over moderately long intervals (Lucas & Donnellan, 2001; Wortman, Lucas, & Donnellan, 2012; Roberts & DelVecchio, 2000; though see Ferguson, 2010) and it decreases over increasingly long delays.”
From Life Events and Personality Trait Change. (2018) · cites this paper as Roberts & DelVecchio, 2000
Rank-order stability in measured personality increases steadily over the lifespan.
“Rank-order stability in measured personality increases steadily over the lifespan.”
From Personality Psychology and Economics (2011) · cites this paper as Roberts and DelVecchio [2000]
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“Researchers concluded from the high rank-order stabilities comparable to those of the Big Five traits (Roberts & DelVecchio, 2000) that self-esteem is trait-like (see Orth & Robins, 2014).”
BackgroundLemogne, C., Nabi, H., Zins, M., Cordier, S., Ducimetière, P., Goldberg, M., & Consoli, S. M. (2010) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000286961 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Is Character Fate, or Is There Hope to Change My Personality Yet?
Edmonds, G. W., Jackson, J. J., Fayard, J. V., & Roberts, B. W. (2008) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00037.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Roberts, B. W., & DelVecchio, W. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- ORCID
- Roberts, Brent W.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2000-01
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-25
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2060999123
- Cited by
- 3,241
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 68 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 114 · 2023: 132 · 2022: 179 · 2021: 149 · 2020: 198 · 2019: 170 · 2018: 205 · 2017: 162 · 2016: 189 · 2015: 156 · 2014: 182 · 2013: 183 · 2012: 179
- FWCI
- 41.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- rank-order stability, test-retest correlation, child personality, temperament, age differences in personality
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aging, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Personality, Personality Development, Personality Tests, Temperament, Time Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Statistics, Nonparametric
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