Dynamics of life expectancy and life span equality
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Significance: Why life expectancy and life span equality have increased together is a question of scientific interest. Both measures are calculated for a calendar year and might not describe a cohort’s actual life course. Nonetheless, life expectancy provides a useful measure of average life spans, and life span equality gives insights into uncertainty about age at death. We show how patterns of change in life expectancy and life span equality are described by trajectories of mortality improvements over age and time. The strength of the relationship between life expectancy and life span equality is not coincidental but rather a result of progress in saving lives at specific ages: the more lives saved at the youngest ages, the stronger the relationship is.
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Historically, life expectancy increases have been accompanied by reductions in lifespan inequality due to mortality improvements at younger ages.
“Historically, life expectancy increases have been accompanied by reductions in lifespan inequality due to mortality improvements at younger ages, although more recent studies have found that life expectancy improvements can occur even without accompanying reductions in lifespan inequality.13”
From Estimating the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, life expectancy and lifespan inequality in England and Wales: a population-level analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
For lifespan inequality to decrease when life expectancy is increasing, more lives need to be saved at younger than older ages, usually below life expectancy.
“However, for lifespan inequality to decrease when life expectancy is increasing, more lives need to be saved at younger than older ages, usually below life expectancy.13”
From Estimating the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, life expectancy and lifespan inequality in England and Wales: a population-level analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
Mortality and survival rates serve as robust proxies for assessing population-level welfare and living conditions across species, including humans.
“Consequently, mortality and survival rates serve as robust proxies for assessing population-level welfare and living conditions across species (Walker et al., 2012), including humans (Aburto et al., 2020).”
From Evidence of long-term survival gains in Panthera from modern zoological facilities supports their role in integrated conservation (2026) · cites this paper as Aburto et al., 2020
Demographic indicators such as life expectancy and lifespan equality provide a more precise framework for evaluating environmental quality.
“Yet, demographic indicators such as life expectancy and lifespan equality provide a more precise framework for evaluating environmental quality (Colchero et al., 2016, 2021; Aburto et al., 2020).”
From Evidence of long-term survival gains in Panthera from modern zoological facilities supports their role in integrated conservation (2026) · cites this paper as Aburto et al., 2020
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- Authors
- Aburto, J. M., Villavicencio, F., Basellini, U., Kjærgaard, S., & Vaupel, J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Institut national d'études démographiques (FR)
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aburto, José Manuel
- Vaupel, James W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2020-02-24
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 5250-5259
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC7071894
- OpenAlex
- W3007082643
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 16
- FWCI
- 49.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Archined (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG031719)
- H2020 European Research Council (716323)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Global Health Care Issues
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- life expectancy, mortality decline, aging, age-specific mortality, Human Mortality Database, Sweden, public health policy
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Female, Humans, Life Expectancy, Longevity, Male, Mortality, Population Dynamics, Public Health, Sex Factors, Sweden, Databases, Factual
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