Functional recovery of secondary tropical forests
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Tropical forests disappear rapidly through deforestation but also have the potential to regrow naturally through a process called secondary succession. To advance successional theory, it is essential to understand how these secondary forests and their assembly vary across broad spatial scales. We do so by synthesizing continental-scale patterns in succession using a functional trait approach. We show that the start and pathway of succession varies with climatic water availability. In dry forests, succession is driven by drought tolerance traits and in wet forests by shade tolerance traits. Based on these successional principles, we propose an ecologically sound strategy to improve active forest restoration.
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The recovery of tropical forest fauna varies widely, and depending on taxa, it is contentious and less predictable.
“However, the recovery of tropical forest fauna varies widely, and depending on taxa, it is contentious and less predictable9–13.”
From Soundscapes and deep learning enable tracking biodiversity recovery in tropical forests (2023) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Poorter, L., Rozendaal, D. M. A., Bongers, F., Almeida, D. J. S., Álvarez, F. S., Andrade, J. L., Arreola Villa, L. F., Becknell, J. M., Bhaskar, R., Boukili, V., Brancalion, P. H. S., César, R. G., Chave, J., Chazdon, R. L., Dalla Colletta, G., Craven, D., de Jong, B. H. J., Denslow, J. S., Dent, D. H., DeWalt, S. J., Díaz García, E., Dupuy, J. M., Durán, S. M., Espírito Santo, M. M., Fernandes, G. W., Finegan, B., Granda Moser, V., Hall, J. S., Hernández-Stefanoni, J. L., Jakovac, C. C., Kennard, D., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Letcher, S. G., Lohbeck, M., Lopez, O. R., Marín-Spiotta, E., Martínez-Ramos, M., Meave, J. A., Mora, F., de Souza Moreno, V., Müller, S. C., Muñoz, R., Muscarella, R., Nunes, Y. R. F., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Oliveira, R. S., Paz, H., Sanchez-Azofeifa, A., Sanaphre-Villanueva, L., Toledo, M., Uriarte, M., Utrera, L. P., van Breugel, M., van der Sande, M. T., Veloso, M. D. M., Wright, S. J., Zanini, K. J., Zimmerman, J. K., & Westoby, M.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil;
- Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza Catie (CR)
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C (MX)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 58089 Morelia, México;
- Colby College (US)
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
- Philadelphia University (US)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse F-31062, France;
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
- Universidad Mayor (CL)
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur 24500 Campeche, Mexico;
- Tulane University (US)
- University of Stirling (GB)
- Clemson University (US)
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil;
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, Brazil;
- Fondo Patrimonio Natural, Bogotá 111061, Colombia;
- Forests, Biodiversity and Climate Change Programme, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501 Turrialba, Costa Rica;
- Smithsonian Institution (US)
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Recursos Naturales 97205 Mérida, México;
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (BR)
- Colorado Mesa University (US)
- Department of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Tivon 36006, Israel;
- College of the Atlantic (US)
- World Agroforestry Centre (KE)
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon 0843-03092, Panamá;
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (BR)
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (BR)
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada;
- Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University (BO)
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027;
- Smithsonian Institute Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon 0843-03092, Panamá;
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands;
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (PA)
- University of Puerto Rico System (PR)
- Macquarie University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Poorter, Lourens
- ORCID
- Poorter, Lourens
- Rozendaal, Danaë M. A.
- Bongers, Frans
- Almeida, de Jarcilene S.
- Álvarez, Francisco S.
- Andrade, José Luís
- Becknell, Justin M.
- Bhaskar, Radika
- Boukili, Vanessa
- Brancalion, Pedro H. S.
- César, Ricardo G.
- Chave, Jerome
- Chazdon, Robin L.
- Dalla Colletta, Gabriel
- Craven, Dylan
- de Jong, Ben H. J.
- Denslow, Julie S.
- Dent, Daisy H.
- DeWalt, Saara J.
- Dupuy, Juan Manuel
- Durán, Sandra M.
- Espírito Santo, Mário M.
- Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson
- Finegan, Bryan
- Hall, Jefferson S.
- Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis
- Jakovac, Catarina C.
- Kennard, Deborah
- Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin
- Letcher, Susan G.
- Lohbeck, Madelon
- Lopez, Omar R.
- Marín-Spiotta, Erika
- Martínez-Ramos, Miguel
- Meave, Jorge A.
- Mora, Francisco
- de Souza Moreno, Vanessa
- Müller, Sandra C.
- Muñoz, Rodrigo
- Muscarella, Robert
- Nunes, Yule R. F.
- Ochoa-Gaona, Susana
- Oliveira, Rafael S.
- Paz, Horacio
- Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía
- Toledo, Marisol
- Utrera, Luis P.
- van Breugel, Michiel
- van der Sande, Masha T.
- Veloso, Maria D. M.
- Wright, S. Joseph
- Zanini, Kátia J.
- Zimmerman, Jess K.
- Westoby, Mark
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2021-11-29
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 49
- Pages
- e2003405118
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC8670493
- OpenAlex
- W3216478325
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 10.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (17418, ALWOP.457)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Forest ecology and management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Keywords
- secondary succession, tropical forest recovery, plant functional traits, chronosequence, drought tolerance, shade tolerance, deciduous trees, compound leaves, species turnover, forest restoration, Neotropical forests, carbon and nutrient cycling
- MeSH terms
- Conservation of Natural Resources, Models, Biological, Tropical Climate, Forests
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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