Elite rhetoric can undermine democratic norms

Evaluating Online Labor Markets for Experimental Research: Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk

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Adaptive linear step-up procedures that control the false discovery rate

Benjamini, Y., Krieger, A. M., & Yekutieli, D. (2006) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/93.3.491 · Cited by 3,228 · see citing works

Informal Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda

Helmke, G., & Levitsky, S. (2004) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592704040472 · Cited by 3,184 · see citing works

THE NATURE OF BELIEF SYSTEMS IN MASS PUBLICS

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Equivalence Tests

Lakens, D. (2017) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550617697177 · Cited by 2,161 · see citing works

The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule of the Law

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Effective Treatments for PTSD

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The Online Laboratory: Conducting Experiments in a Real Labor Market∗Preprint

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The Generalizability of Survey Experiments

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Democracy in America? Partisanship, Polarization, and the Robustness of Support for Democracy in the United States

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Losers' Consent

Anderson, C. J., Blais, A., Bowler, S., Donovan, T., & Listhaug, O. (2005) · doi:10.1093/0199276382.001.0001 · Cited by 827 · see citing works

How Conditioning on Posttreatment Variables Can Ruin Your Experiment and What to Do about It

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Norms in the Wild: How to Diagnose, Measure, and Change Social Norms

Bicchieri, C. (2016) · Cited by 698 · see citing works

Follow the Leader?: How Voters Respond to Politicians' Policies and Performance

Lenz, G. (2012) · Cited by 603 · see citing works

Losers' Consent: Elections and Democratic Legitimacy

Anderson, C. J. (2005) · Cited by 571 · see citing works

Effective treatments for PTSD: practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies

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Generalizing from Survey Experiments Conducted on Mechanical Turk: A Replication Approach

Coppock, A. (2019) · Political Science Research and Methods · doi:10.1017/psrm.2018.10 · Cited by 515 · see citing works

How Democracies Die

Levitsky, S., & Ziblatt, D. F. (2024) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003263562-14 · Cited by 438 · see citing works

Learning More from Political Communication Experiments: Pretreatment and Its Effects

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Political Ideology: Why the American Common Man Believes What He Does

Joyner, C., & Lane, R. E. (1963) · The Western Political Quarterly · doi:10.2307/444784 · Cited by 284 · see citing works

Political Ideology: Why The American Common Man Believes What He Does.

Lerner, D., & Lane, R. E. (1964) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094652 · Cited by 283 · see citing works

Unwritten Rules: Informal Institutions in Established Democracies

Azari, J. R., & Smith, J. K. (2012) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592711004890 · Cited by 276 · see citing works

Cross-Sample Comparisons and External Validity

Krupnikov, Y., & Levine, A. S. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Political Science · doi:10.1017/xps.2014.7 · Cited by 251 · see citing works

Social proximity and the erosion of norm compliance

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Searching for Bright Lines in the Trump Presidency

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Scandals and Congressional Elections in the Post-Watergate Era

Basinger, S. J. (2012) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912912451144 · Cited by 154 · see citing works

Who will defend democracy? Evaluating tradeoffs in candidate support among partisan donors and voters

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Research note: Examining false beliefs about voter fraud in the wake of the 2020 Presidential Election

Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2021) · Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review · doi:10.37016/mr-2020-51 · Cited by 124 · see citing works

Mail-In Voter Fraud: Anatomy of a Disinformation CampaignPreprint

Benkler, Y. R., Tilton, C., Etling, B., Roberts, H., Clark, J., Faris, R., Kaiser, J., & Schmitt, C. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3703701 · Cited by 114 · see citing works

Conspiracy theories, election rigging, and support for democratic norms

Albertson, B. L., & Guiler, K. (2020) · Research & Politics · doi:10.1177/2053168020959859 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

“It’s Largely a Rigged System”: Voter Confidence and the Winner Effect in 2016

Sinclair, B., Smith, S. S., & Tucker, P. (2018) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912918768006 · Cited by 96 · see citing works

The Myth of Voter Fraud

Minnite, L. C. (2019) · Cornell University Press eBooks · doi:10.7591/9780801459061 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Social Proximity and the Erosion of Norm CompliancePreprint

Bicchieri, C., Dimant, E., Gächter, S., & Nosenzo, D. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3730462 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Examining false beliefs about voter fraud in the wake of the 2020 Presidential ElectionPreprint

Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/szdgb · Cited by 40 · see citing works

The Meanings of Democracy among Mass Publics

Davis, N. T., Goidel, K., & Zhao, Y. (2020) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-020-02517-2 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Social Proximity and the Erosion of Norm CompliancePreprint

Bicchieri, C., Dimant, E., Gächter, S., & Nosenzo, D. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3355028 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Partisan Disagreements Arising from Rationalization of Common Information

Lauderdale, B. E. (2015) · Political Science Research and Methods · doi:10.1017/psrm.2015.51 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Identifying Media Effects Through Low-Cost, Multiwave Field Experiments

Gross, K., Porter, E. V., & Wood, T. (2018) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2018.1514447 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Current research overstates American support for political violence

Westwood, S. J., Grimmer, J., Tyler, M., & Nall, C. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2116870119 · Cited by 221 · see citing works

Megastudy testing 25 treatments to reduce antidemocratic attitudes and partisan animosity

Voelkel, J. G., Stagnaro, M., Chu, J., Pink, S. L., Mernyk, J. S., Redekopp, C., Ghezae, I., Cashman, M., Adjodah, D., Allen, L., et al. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/y79u5 · Cited by 174 · see citing works

Megastudy testing 25 treatments to reduce antidemocratic attitudes and partisan animosity

Voelkel, J. G., Stagnaro, M. N., Chu, J. Y., Pink, S. L., Mernyk, J. S., Redekopp, C., Ghezae, I., Cashman, M., Adjodah, D., Allen, L. G., et al. (2024) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adh4764 · Cited by 174 · see citing works

Correcting inaccurate metaperceptions reduces Americans’ support for partisan violence

Mernyk, J. S., Pink, S. L., Druckman, J. N., & Willer, R. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2116851119 · Cited by 146 · see citing works

The Normalization of the Radical Right

Valentim, V. (2024) · doi:10.1093/9780198926740.001.0001 · Cited by 136 · see citing works

Donald Trump and the Lie

Arceneaux, K., & Truex, R. (2023) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592722000901 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

Mating Call, Dog Whistle, Trigger: Asymmetric Alignments, Race, and the Use of Reactionary Religious Rhetoric in American Politics

Perry, S. L. (2023) · Sociological Theory · doi:10.1177/07352751231153664 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

Is the American Public Really Turning Away from Democracy? Backsliding and the Conceptual Challenges of Understanding Public Attitudes

Ahmed, A. (2023) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592722001062 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

White Racial Solidarity and Opposition to American Democracy

Jardina, A., & Mickey, R. (2022) · The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/00027162211069730 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Uncommon and nonpartisan: Antidemocratic attitudes in the American public

Holliday, D. E., Iyengar, S., Yphtach Lelkes, B., & Westwood, S. J. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2313013121 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Misperceptions about out-partisans’ democratic values may erode democracy

Pasek, M. H., Ankori-Karlinsky, L.-O., Levy-Vene, A., & Moore‐Berg, S. L. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19616-4 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

How to study democratic backsliding

Druckman, J. N. (2024) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12942 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Theories of Democratic Backsliding

Grillo, E., Luo, Z., Nalepa, M., & Prato, C. (2024) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-041322-025352 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

It’s About Hate: Approval of Donald Trump, Racism, Xenophobia and Support for Political Violence

Piazza, J. A., & Doren, N. V. (2022) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x221131561 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Acquiescence Bias Inflates Estimates of Conspiratorial Beliefs and Political Misperceptions

Hill, S. J., & Roberts, M. E. (2023) · Political Analysis · doi:10.1017/pan.2022.28 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Social media, disinformation, and democracy: how different types of social media usage affect democracy cross-nationally

Hunter, L. Y. (2023) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2023.2208355 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Democracy by Deterrence: Norms, Constitutions, and Electoral Tilting

Helmke, G., Kroeger, M., & Paine, J. (2021) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12668 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

“Born for a Storm”: Hard-Right Social Media and Civil Unrest

Karell, D., Linke, A. M., Holland, E. C., & Hendrickson, E. (2023) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/00031224231156190 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Online engagement with 2020 election misinformation and turnout in the 2021 Georgia runoff election

Green, J., Hobbs, W., McCabe, S., & Lazer, D. M. J. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2115900119 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Losers’ consent and emotions in the aftermath of the Brexit referendum

Tilley, J. R., & HOBOLT, S. B. (2023) · West European Politics · doi:10.1080/01402382.2023.2168945 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Russian Meddling in U.S. Elections: How News of Disinformation’s Impact Can Affect Trust in Electoral Outcomes and Satisfaction with Democracy

Ross, A. R. N., Vaccari, C., & Chadwick, A. (2022) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205436.2022.2119871 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

People consistently view elections and civil liberties as key components of democracy

Chu, J., Williamson, S., & Yeung, E. S. F. (2024) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adp1274 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Should I vote-by-mail or in person? The impact of COVID-19 risk factors and partisanship on vote mode decisions in the 2020 presidential election

Atkeson, L. R., Hansen, W. L., Oliver, M. T., Maestas, C. D., & Wiemer, E. C. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274357 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Endorsements from Republican politicians can increase confidence in U.S. elections

Clayton, K., & Willer, R. (2023) · Research & Politics · doi:10.1177/20531680221148967 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Misogyny, authoritarianism, and climate change

Kaul, N., & Buchanan, T. (2023) · Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy · doi:10.1111/asap.12347 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Following news on social media boosts knowledge, belief accuracy and trust

Altay, S., Hoes, E., & Wojcieszak, M. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02205-6 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Twitter’s Disputed Tags May Be Ineffective at Reducing Belief in Fake News and Only Reduce Intentions to Share Fake News Among Democrats and Independents

Lees, J., McCarter, A., & Sarno, D. M. (2022) · Journal of Online Trust and Safety · doi:10.54501/jots.v1i3.39 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

The Big Lie: Expressive Responding and Misperceptions in the United States

Fahey, J. J. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Political Science · doi:10.1017/xps.2022.33 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Need for Chaos and Dehumanization are Robustly Associated with Support for Partisan Violence, While Political Measures are Not

Landry, A., Druckman, J. N., & Willer, R. (2024) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-024-09934-w · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Trump Tweets and Democratic Attitudes: Evidence from a Survey Experiment

Bowler, S., Carreras, M., & Merolla, J. L. (2022) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10659129221137348 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Lying for Trump? Elite Cue-Taking and Expressive Responding on Vote Method

Shino, E., Smith, D. A., & Uribe, L. (2022) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfac045 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Norms of Democracy, Staged Democrats, and Supply of Exclusionary Ideology

Valentim, V. (2024) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/00104140241283009 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

How Mainstream Politicians Erode Norms

Valentim, V., Dinas, E., & Ziblatt, D. F. (2025) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123425100586 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

The Origins of Elected Strongmen

Frantz, E., Kendall-Taylor, A., & Wright, J. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198888079.001.0001 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

A belief systems analysis of fraud beliefs following the 2020 US election

Botvinik‐Nezer, R., Jones, M., & Wager, T. D. (2023) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01570-4 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

The effect of accumulated losses on perceptions of legitimacy

Kern, A., Mariën, S., & Muradova, L. (2024) · European Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s175577392300036x · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Democratic Norms, Social Projection, and False Consensus in the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election

Weinschenk, A. C., Panagopoulos, C., & van der Linden, S. (2021) · Journal of Political Marketing · doi:10.1080/15377857.2021.1939568 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

How Mainstream Politicians Erode NormsPreprint

Valentim, V., Dinas, E., & Ziblatt, D. F. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/mjbnf · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Are elite cues necessary to drive the “Winner Effect” on trust in elections?

Reller, C., Anderson, A., & Kousser, T. B. (2022) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2022.102541 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Resistance to COVID-19 vaccination and the social contract: evidence from Italy

Kreps, S. E., & Kriner, D. L. (2023) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-023-00660-8 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Safeguarding the Peaceful Transfer of Power: Pro-Democracy Electoral Frames and Journalist Coverage of Election Deniers During the 2022 U.S. Midterm Elections

Jang, H., & Kreiss, D. (2024) · The International Journal of Press/Politics · doi:10.1177/19401612241235819 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Dodging the autocratic bullet: enlisting behavioural science to arrest democratic backsliding

Abels, C. M., Huttunen, K. J. A., Hertwig, R., & Lewandowsky, S. (2024) · Behavioural Public Policy · doi:10.1017/bpp.2024.43 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Norm-violating rhetoric undermines support for participatory inclusiveness and political equality among Trump supporters

Hall, M. E. K., & Druckman, J. N. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2311005120 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Trust in the Count: Improving Voter Confidence with Post-election Audits

Jaffe, J., Loffredo, J., Baltz, S., Flores, A., & Stewart, C. H., III (2024) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfae029 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

A Matter of Misunderstanding? Explaining (Mis)Perceptions of Electoral Integrity across 25 Different Nations

Vliegenthart, R., van Ham, C., Kruikemeier, S., & Jacobs, K. (2024) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfae021 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Do Partisans Follow Their Leaders on Election Manipulation?

McCarthy, D. (2022) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2022.2150728 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Influencing recommendation algorithms to reduce the spread of unreliable news by encouraging humans to fact-check articles, in a field experiment

Matias, J. N. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38277-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Trump, Personalism, and US Administrative Capacity

Moynihan, D. (2025) · Politics & Policy · doi:10.1111/polp.70059 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

The Free Movement of People and the Success of Far-Right Parties: Evidence from Switzerland’s Border Liberalization

Alrababa’h, A., Beerli, A., Hangartner, D., & Ward, D. G. (2024) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055424001151 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

The Costs of Voting and Voter Confidence

Atkeson, L., McKown‐Dawson, E., & Stein, R. M. (2024) · Political research quarterly · doi:10.1177/10659129241283169 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

From Losers’ Consent to Winners’ Restraint: Citizens Reactions to Accumulating Democratic Violations

Werner, H., Bertsou, E., & Mariën, S. (2025) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-025-10001-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Can Elite Allegations of Election Fraud Demobilize Supporters?

Fraga, B. L., Peskowitz, Z., & Szewczyk, J. (2024) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-024-09952-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Democratic norm erosion and partisanship in the United States

Foa, R., & Mounk, Y. (2025) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2025.2470764 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

On Fertile Ground: How Racial Resentment Primes White Americans To Believe Fraud Accusations

MORRIS, K. T., & Шапиро, Я. (2025) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-025-10065-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Meta-perception and misinformation

Bogart, S. M., & Lees, J. M. (2023) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101717 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Alert, but not alarmed: Electoral disinformation and trust during the 2023 Australian voice to parliament referendum

Carson, A., Grömping, M., Gravelle, T. B., Jackman, S. D., & Phillips, J. B. (2024) · Policy & Internet · doi:10.1002/poi3.429 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Collective Narcissism and Perceptions of the (Il)legitimacy of the 2020 US Election

Federico, C. M., Farhart, C. E., Vitriol, J. A., & de Zavala, A. G. (2022) · The Forum · doi:10.1515/for-2022-2046 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Is US grand strategy dead? The political foundations of deep engagement after Donald Trump

Friedman, J. A. (2022) · International Affairs · doi:10.1093/ia/iiac112 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Survey mode and satisfaction with democracy

Ejaz, H., & Thornton, J. R. (2023) · Political Science Research and Methods · doi:10.1017/psrm.2023.32 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

The Confidence Earthquake: Seismic Shifts in TrustPreprint

Clark, J. T., & Stewart, C. H., III (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3825118 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

The strongman phenomenon: unpacking the role of subjective class

Han, S. (2025) · Politics Groups and Identities · doi:10.1080/21565503.2025.2539500 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Research note: Explicit voter fraud conspiracy cues increase belief among co-partisans but have broader spillover effects on confidence in elections

Lyons, B. A., & Workman, K. (2022) · Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review · doi:10.37016/mr-2020-99 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Political Parties and Loser’s Consent in American Politics

Layman, G. C., Lee, F., & Wolbrecht, C. (2023) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/00027162241229309 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

The Role of Political Elites in Eliciting Mass-Level Political Anger

Webster, S. W. (2021) · The Forum · doi:10.1515/for-2021-0023 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

The Power of Trump’s Big Lie: Identity Fusion, Internalizing Misinformation, and Support for Trump

Moniz, P., & Swann, W. B. (2025) · PS Political Science & Politics · doi:10.1017/s1049096524001203 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Dynamic Democratic Backsliding

Yeung, E. S. F. (2025) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123425100847 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Electoral Crisis Communications: Combatting Disinformation & the Contest for Electoral Legitimacy

Winger, G. H., Calfano, B., Vićić, J., & Harknett, R. J. (2023) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x231184440 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Legitimate questions: Public perceptions of the legitimacy of US presidential election outcomes

Sances, M. (2023) · Research & Politics · doi:10.1177/20531680231206987 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Guns and Democracy: Anti-System Attitudes, Protest, and Support for Violence Among Pandemic Gun-Buyers

Simonson, M. D., Lacombe, M. J., Green, J., & Druckman, J. N. (2024) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10659129241249662 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Current engagement with unreliable sites from web search driven by navigational search

Greene, K. T., Pisharody, N., Meyer, L. A., Pereira, M. W., Dodhia, R. M., Ferres, J. L., & Shapiro, J. N. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adn3750 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

The political system through a partisan lens: Within‐person changes in support for political parties precede political system attitudes

Satherley, N., Osborne, D., & Sibley, C. G. (2022) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12585 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Allegations Made against Dominion Voting Systems and the 2020 Presidential Election in Wisconsin

Herron, M. C. (2023) · Election Law Journal Rules Politics and Policy · doi:10.1089/elj.2022.0051 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Election Denial as a News Coverage Dilemma: A Survey Experiment with Local Journalists

Peterson, E., McGregor, S. C., & Block, R. (2025) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2025.2456524 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Catalysts of Insurrection: How White Racial Antipathy Influenced Beliefs of Voter Fraud and Support for the January 6th Insurrection

Rush, T., Jones, C., Herndon, M. K., & Barreto, M. A. (2025) · The Journal of Race Ethnicity and Politics · doi:10.1017/rep.2025.9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Trump vs. the GOP: Political Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination

Jung, Y., & Lee, S. (2023) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-023-09882-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Understanding public attitudes toward restrictive voting laws in the United States

Clayton, K. (2023) · Research & Politics · doi:10.1177/20531680231206611 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Local Norms, Political Partisanship, and Pandemic Response: Evidence from the United States

Lipsitz, K., Pop-Elecheș, G., & Robertson, G. B. (2023) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592723002864 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Pandemic Culture Wars: Partisan Differences in the Moral Language of COVID-19 Discussions

Rao, A., Guo, S., Wang, S. Y. N., Morstatter, F., & Lerman, K. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData) · doi:10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386084 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Politicians, Electoral Integrity, and Electoral Management Bodies: A Cross‐National Study on Satisfaction With Democracy

Gaspard, V. (2025) · Politics and Governance · doi:10.17645/pag.9762 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Arendt in the Metaverse: Four properties of eXtended Reality that imperil factual truth and democracy

Bay, M. (2023) · Convergence The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies · doi:10.1177/13548565231199957 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Political ViolencePreprint

Westwood, S. J., Grimmer, J., Tyler, M., & Nall, C. (2021) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/a8m3n · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Do Political Endorsements Affect Support for Conspiracy Theories?

Turgeon, M., & Freire, A. (2024) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/ssqu.13480 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Who Are the Election Skeptics? Evidence from the 2022 Midterm Elections

Holliday, D. E., Grimmer, J., Yphtach Lelkes, B., & Westwood, S. J. (2024) · Election Law Journal Rules Politics and Policy · doi:10.1089/elj.2024.0010 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Improving debriefing practices for participants in social science experiments

Clayton, K., Porter, E. V., Velez, Y. R., & Wood, T. (2024) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae502 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Vote Method and Confidence in Elections

Shino, E., & Smith, D. A. (2025) · Political research quarterly · doi:10.1177/10659129241309658 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

The Racial Gap in Trust in Elections (and How to Close It)

Uribe, L., Aldridge, K., Kousser, T. B., Nichols-Smith, K., & Rush, T. (2025) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10659129251363201 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Unsuccessful Candidates Are More Concerned About Electoral Fairness than Election Winners

Senninger, R., Bækgaard, M., & Seeberg, H. B. (2024) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/734240 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Defining and Measuring Democratic Norms

Helmke, G., & Rath, J. (2025) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-041322-040610 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Why some districts march more: Protest mobilization in the wake of US representatives’ election denial

Meye, M.-T. (2025) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/00223433251353650 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Hard-Right Social Media and Civil UnrestPreprint

Karell, D., Linke, A. M., Holland, E. C., & Hendrickson, E. (2021) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/pna5u · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Norms (Entry for the Encyclopedia of Political Sociology)Preprint

Valentim, V. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/erfpg · Cited by 4 · see citing works

In the Light: Procedural Legitimacy, the Shadow Docket, and Support for the U.S. Supreme Court

Davis, T. (2024) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x241276442 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

The Effects of Partisan Elites’ Violent Rhetoric on Support for Political Violence

Kim, T. (2025) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-025-10025-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Public Support for State Secession in the United States

Oates, B., & Wolak, J. (2025) · Publius The Journal of Federalism · doi:10.1093/publius/pjaf026 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Voter habituation and opinion activation in misreporting voting behavior in the 2020 presidential election

Shino, E., McKee, S. C., & Binder, M. (2023) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1080/03623319.2023.2277030 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Democratic Norms and the Ethics of Resistance

Chapman, E. B. (2023) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-041322-025033 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

U.S. Democratic Backsliding and the Decline of Democratic Support Abroad

Cavari, A., Magen, A., & Yoel, B. (2024) · International Journal of Public Opinion Research · doi:10.1093/ijpor/edae026 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Why partisans feel hated: Distinct static and dynamic relationships with animosity meta-perceptions

Lees, J. M., Cikara, M., & Druckman, J. N. (2024) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae324 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Do the origins of climate assemblies shape public reactions? Examining the impact of partisanship

Kevins, A., & Robison, J. (2024) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12743 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Presidential threats and bureaucrats' support for democracy in Brazil

Beesley, C., Hawkins, D. G., Ingles, T., Lyne, M. M., Morgenstern, S., & Nielson, D. (2025) · Policy Studies · doi:10.1080/01442872.2025.2528780 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

How elite attacks on election integrity affect respect for democratic norms and trust in electionsPreprint

Nyhan, B. J., Clayton, K., Ryan, T., Wood, T., Porter, E., & Davis, N. T. (2020) · doi:10.17605/osf.io/a4tds

Norm-violating rhetoric undermines support for participatory inclusiveness and political equality among Trump supporters

Hall, M. E. K., & Druckman, J. N. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2311005120 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Conspiracy theories, election rigging, and support for democratic norms

Albertson, B. L., & Guiler, K. (2020) · Research & Politics · doi:10.1177/2053168020959859 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Null Effects of Pro-Democracy Speeches by U.S. Republicans in the Aftermath of January 6th

Wuttke, A., Sichart, F., & Foos, F. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Political Science · doi:10.1017/xps.2023.17 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Political Trust and Violence

Ware, A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-97250-8_5