Mass spectrometry and immobilized enzymes for the screening of inhibitor libraries
Open accessAbstract
A technique has been developed to rapidly screen enzyme inhibitor candidates from complex mixtures, such as those created by combinatorial synthesis. Inhibitor libraries are screened by using immobilized enzyme technologies and electrospray ionization ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The library mixture is first sprayed into the mass spectrometer, and compounds are identified. The library is subsequently incubated with the immobilized enzyme of interest under the correct conditions (buffer, pH, temperature) by using an excess of enzyme to ensure a surplus of sites for ligand binding. The immobilized enzyme/inhibitor mixture is centrifuged, and an aliquot of supernatant is again analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Potential inhibitors are quickly identified by comparison of the spectra before and after incubation with the immobilized enzyme. Non-inhibitors show no change in ion intensity after incubation, whereas weak inhibitors exhibit a visible decrease in ion abundance. Once inhibitor candidates have been identified, the library is reinjected into the mass spectrometer, and tandem mass spectrometry is used to determine the structure of the inhibitor candidates as needed. This method has been successfully demonstrated by identifying inhibitors of the enzymes pepsin and glutathione S -transferase from a 19- and 17-component library, respectively. It is further shown that the immobilized enzyme can be recycled and reused for continuous screening of additional new libraries without adding additional enzyme.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
This limitation can be overcome by using a molar excess of protein compared with the total molar concentration of the ligand library.
“However, this limitation can be overcome by using a molar excess of protein compared with the total molar concentration of the ligand library15.”
From Native metabolomics identifies the rivulariapeptolide family of protease inhibitors (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
PROTEIN MEASUREMENT WITH THE FOLIN PHENOL REAGENT
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6 · Cited by 315,771 · see citing works
Synthesis and Applications of Small Molecule Libraries
Thompson, L. A., & Ellman, J. A. (1996) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr9402081 · Cited by 1,456 · see citing works
Strategy and Tactics in Combinatorial Organic Synthesis. Applications to Drug Discovery
Gordon, E. M., Gallop, M. A., & Patel, D. V. (1996) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar950170u · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Schaffer, S. A., Tang, K., Anderson, G., Prior, D. C., Udseth, H. R., & Smith, R. D. (1997) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19971030)11:16 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Senko, M. W., Canterbury, J. D., Guan, S., & Marshall, A. G. (1996) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(199611)10:14 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Pulsed Ultrafiltration Mass Spectrometry: A New Method for Screening Combinatorial Libraries
van Breemen, R. B., Huang, C.-R., Nikolic, D., Woodbury, C. P., Zhao, Y.-Z., & Venton, D. L. (1997) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac970132j · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis−Mass Spectrometry for Screening Combinatorial Libraries
Chu, Y., Dunayevskiy, Y. M., Kirby, D. P., Vouros, P., & Karger, B. L. (1996) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja960213h · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Schriemer, D. C., Bundle, D. R., Li, L., & Hindsgaul, O. (1998) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(19981231)37:24 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
de Koning, L. J., Nibbering, N. M. M., Orden, S. L. V., & Laukien, F. H. (1997) · International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes · doi:10.1016/s0168-1176(97)00186-9 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Cai, J., & Henion, J. D. (1996) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac950763i · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Janda, K. D. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.23.10779 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Taucher, J., Hansel, A., Jordan, A., Fall, R., Futrell, J. H., & Lindinger, W. (1997) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(199707)11:11 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Nedved, M. L., Habibi‐Goudarzi, S., Ganem, B., & Henion, J. D. (1996) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac9603035 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Kaur, S., McGuire, L., Tang, D., Dollinger, G., & Huebner, V. (1997) · Journal of Protein Chemistry · doi:10.1023/a:1026369729393 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Site-directed immobilization of proteins
Domen, P. L., Nevens, J. R., Mallia, A. K., Hermanson, G. T., & Klenk, D. (1990) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)93763-x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Immunoaffinity Ultrafiltration with Ion Spray HPLC/MS for Screening Small-Molecule Libraries
Wieboldt, R., Zweigenbaum, J. A., & Henion, J. D. (1997) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac9610265 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Rich, D. H., Bernatowicz, M. S., Agarwal, N. S., Kawai, M., Salituro, F. G., & Schmidt, P. G. (1985) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00334a014 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Impact of mass spectrometry on combinatorial chemistry
Süßmuth, R. D., & Jung, G. (1999) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00513-1 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Kelly, M. A., Liang, H., Sytwu, I.-I., Vlattas, I., Lyons, N. L., Bowen, B. R., & Wennogle, L. P. (1996) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi960571x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Zhao, Y.-Z., van Breemen, R. B., Nikolic, D. S., Huang, C., Woodbury, C. P., Schilling, A. B., & Venton, D. L. (1997) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm960729b · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Kinetics of the Pepsin-catalyzed Hydrolysis of N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-diiodotyrosine*
Jackson, W. T., Schlamowitz, M., & Shaw, A. R. (1965) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00884a012 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Discovery of Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase Inhibitors from a Kinase-Directed Library
Armstrong, J. I., Portley, A. R., Chang, Y., Nierengarten, D. M., Cook, B. N., Bowman, K. G., Bishop, A., Gray, N. S., Shokat, K. M., Schultz, P. G., et al. (2000) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(20000403)39:7 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Blom, K. F., Larsen, B. S., & McEwen, C. N. (1998) · Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry · doi:10.1021/cc980010k · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Siegel, M. M., Tabei, K., Bebernitz, G. A., & Baum, E. Z. (1998) · Journal of Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9888(199803)33:3 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lyubarskaya, Y. V., Carr, S. A., Dunnington, D. J., Prichett, W. P., Fisher, S. M., Appelbaum, E. R., Jones, C. S., & Karger, B. L. (1998) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac980330q · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Mass spectrometric analysis in combinatorial chemistry
Swali, V., Langley, G. J., & Bradley, M. (1999) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/s1367-5931(99)80050-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hijfte, L. V., Marciniak, G., & Froloff, N. (1999) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00007-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Methods of screening combinatorial libraries using immobilized or restrained receptors
Woodbury, C. P., & Venton, D. L. (1999) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00006-7 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Applications of mass spectrometry in combinatorial chemistry
Siuzdak, G. E., & Lewis, J. K. (1998) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(199821)61:2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Silver, M. S., Denburg, J. L., & Steffens, J. J. (1965) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01082a032 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Davis, R. G., Anderegg, R. J., & Blanchard, S. G. (1999) · Tetrahedron · doi:10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00685-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Young, P. R., & Briedis, A. V. (1990) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology · doi:10.1016/0167-4838(90)90018-b · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 33 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- [3]Gordon E M, Gallop M A, Patel D V. Acc Chem Res. 1996;29:144–154. [Google Scholar]
- [7]Siuzdak G, Lewis J K. Biotech Bioeng. 1998;61:127–134. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- [9]Dunayevskiy Y M, Lai J-J, Quinn C, Talley F, Vouros P. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 1997;11:1178–1184. [Google Scholar]
- [11]Davis R G, Anderegg R J, Blanchard S G. Tetrahedron. 1999;55:11653–11667. [Google Scholar]
- [21]Chu Y-H, Dunayevskiy Y M, Kirby D P, Vouros P, Karger B L. J Am Chem Soc. 1996;118:7827–7835. [Google Scholar]
- [25]Lowry O H, Rosebrough N J, Farr L, Randall R J. J Biol Chem. 1951;193:265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Li, H., Song, F., Xing, J., Tsao, R., Liu, Z., & Liu, S. (2009) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1016/j.jasms.2009.04.003 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Real-time monitoring of enzyme activity in a mesoporous silicon double layer
Orosco, M. M., Pacholski, C., & Sailor, M. J. (2009) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2009.11 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Greis, K. D. (2007) · Mass Spectrometry Reviews · doi:10.1002/mas.20127 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Tang, Z., & Kang, J. (2006) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac052030w · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Barnes, C. A. S., Hilderbrand, A. E., Valentine, S. J., & Clemmer, D. E. (2001) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac0108562 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Applications of mass spectrometry in early stages of target based drug discovery
Deng, G., & Sanyal, G. (2005) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2005.08.038 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Mass Spectrometry—based Metabolomics, Analysis of Metabolite-Protein Interactions, and imaging
Lee, D. Y., Bowen, B. P., & Northen, T. R. (2010) · BioTechniques · doi:10.2144/000113451 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Mass spectrometric approaches for the investigation of dynamic processes in condensed phase
Fabris, D. (2004) · Mass Spectrometry Reviews · doi:10.1002/mas.20007 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Discovery of Estrogen Sulfotransferase Inhibitors from a Purine Library Screen
Verdugo, D. E., Cancilla, M. T., Ge, X., Gray, N. S., Chang, Y., Schultz, P. G., Negishi, M., Leary, J. A., & Bertozzi, C. R. (2001) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm010171u · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationMass spectrometry-based biochemical assays for enzyme-inhibitor screening
de Boer, A. R., Lingeman, H., Niessen, W. M. A., & Irth, H. (2007) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2007.08.004 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Application of Accurate Mass Measurement to Urine Drug Screening
Ojanperä, I. A., Pelander, A., Laks, S., Gergov, M., Vuori, E., & Witt, M. (2005) · Journal of Analytical Toxicology · doi:10.1093/jat/29.1.34 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Shen, Z., Go, E. P., Gámez, A., Apon, J. V., Fokin, V. V., Greig, M., Ventura, M. C., Crowell, J. E., Blixt, O., Paulson, J. C., et al. (2004) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.200400008 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Gao, H. X., & Leary, J. A. (2003) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1016/s1044-0305(02)00867-x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationA review on the immobilization of pepsin: A Lys-poor enzyme that is unstable at alkaline pH values
Morellon‐Sterling, R., Tavano, O. L., Bolivar, J. M., Berenguer‐Murcia, Á., Vela‐Gutiérrez, G., Sabir, J. S. M., Tacias-Pascacio, V. G., & Fernández‐Lafuente, R. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.224 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Xu, Z., Yao, S., Wei, Y., Zhou, J., Zhang, L., Wang, C., & Guo, Y. (2008) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1016/j.jasms.2008.07.025 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Screening for Enzyme Inhibitors by Surface Plasmon Resonance Combined with Mass Spectrometry
Borch, J., & Roepstorff, P. (2004) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac049335f · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Investigating metabolite–protein interactions: An overview of available techniques
Yang, G. X., Li, X., & Snyder, M. P. (2012) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.06.013 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Native metabolomics identifies the rivulariapeptolide family of protease inhibitors
Reher, R., Aron, A. T., Fajtová, P., Stincone, P., Wagner, B., Pérez-Lorente, A. I., Liu, C., Shalom, I. Y. B., Bittremieux, W., Wang, M., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32016-6 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Ligand–Metal Ion Binding to Proteins: Investigation by ESI Mass Spectrometry
Potier, N., Rogniaux, H., Chevreux, G., & DORSSELAER, A. V. (2005) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(05)02011-2 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Hu, F., Zhang, H., Lin, H., Deng, C., & Zhang, X. (2008) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1016/j.jasms.2008.02.016 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Xu, Z., Wang, H., Huang, S., Wei, Y., Yao, S., & Guo, Y. (2010) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac9019945 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Metabolites as global regulators: A new view of protein regulation
Li, X., & Snyder, M. P. (2011) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201100026 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Shields, S. J., Oyeyemi, O. A., Lightstone, F. C., & Balhorn, R. (2003) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1016/s1044-0305(03)00129-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Ma, J., Hou, C., Sun, L., Tao, D., Zhang, Y., Shan, Y., Liang, Z., Zhang, L., Yang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2010) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac1023099 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Structural change in response to ligand binding
McCammon, M. G., & Robinson, C. V. (2003) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2003.11.005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A Library Approach to the Generation of Bisubstrate Analogue Sulfotransferase Inhibitors
Armstrong, J. I., Ge, X., Verdugo, D. E., Winans, K. A., Leary, J. A., & Bertozzi, C. R. (2001) · Organic Letters · doi:10.1021/ol0162217 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationZhou, J., An, J., Li, P., Li, H., Jiang, Y., & Cheng, J. (2009) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.010 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Dykhuizen, E. C., Carmody, L., Tolliday, N. J., Crabtree, G. R., & Palmer, M. A. J. (2012) · SLAS DISCOVERY · doi:10.1177/1087057112455060 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Design of potent inhibitors for Schistosoma japonica glutathione S-transferase
Jao, S., Chen, J., Yang, K., & Li, W. (2005) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2005.07.077 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Schmid, D. G., Majer, F., Kupke, T. E., & Jung, G. (2002) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.780 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Cavalcanti, L. P. A. N., Aguiar, A. P., Lima, J. A., & Lima, A. L. D. S. (2016) · Revista Virtual de Química · doi:10.5935/1984-6835.20160056 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Morozov, V. N., Morozova, T. Y., Johnson, K. L., & Naylor, S. (2003) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.1213 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Markoglou, N., & Wainer, I. W. (2003) · Handbook of analytical separations · doi:10.1016/s1567-7192(03)80008-6 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Competitive MS Binding Assays for Dopamine D2 Receptors Employing Spiperone as a Native Marker
Niessen, K. V., Höfner, G. C., & Wanner, K. T. (2005) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.200500074 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Jiang, Y., & Lee, C. S. (2001) · Journal of Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/jms.168 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Imaduwage, K. P., Go, E. P., Zhu, Z., & Desaire, H. (2016) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1007/s13361-016-1472-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Highly sensitive bacterial susceptibility test against penicillin using parylene-matrix chip
Park, J. M., Kim, J.-I., Song, H.-W., Noh, J.-Y., Kang, M., & Pyun, J. (2015) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.059 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mass spectrometry methods to study protein-metabolite interactions
Guo, H., Peng, H., & Emili, A. (2017) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2017.1378178 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A Method for Screening Enzyme Inhibitors Using Size Exclusion Chromatography and ESI-LC-MS/MS
Mathur, S., Park, J. D., Kim, D. H., & Hartmann, R. W. (2005) · SLAS DISCOVERY · doi:10.1177/1087057104270270 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Deng, G., Gu, R.-F., Marmor, S., Fisher, S. L., Jahić, H., & Sanyal, G. (2004) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2004.02.029 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Iyer, S. S., Gao, S., Zhang, Z., Kellogg, G. E., & Karnes, H. T. (2005) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.1914 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Norris, A. J., Whitelegge, J. P., Faull, K. F., & Toyokuni, T. (2001) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac015574g · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Methods for Biocatalyst Screening
Tholey, A., & Heinzle, E. (2002) · Advances in biochemical engineering, biotechnology · doi:10.1007/3-540-45736-4_1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Park, J. M., Kim, J.-I., Noh, J.-Y., Kim, M., Kang, M., & Pyun, J. (2016) · Enzyme and Microbial Technology · doi:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.11.008 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Intersection of Strategy and Drug Research
Moos, W. H. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-08-045044-x/00033-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Stincone, P., Naimi, A., Saviola, A. J., Reher, R., & Petras, D. (2023) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.202200533 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Blay, V., Otero‐Muras, I., & Annis, D. A. (2020) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02715 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Giera, M. A., & Irth, H. (2011) · The handbook of environmental chemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18384-3_6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Qiao, L., Zhong, X., Belghith, E., Deng, Y., Lin, T.-E. L., Tobolkina, E., Liu, B., & Girault, H. H. (2017) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00536 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Liu, C., Zhang, Q., & Kang, J. (2013) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-296-4_23 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Site-specific molecular design and its relevance to pharmacogenomics and chemical biology
Bailey, D. S., Zanders, E. D., & Dean, P. (2001) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.tpj.6500004 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Emerging challenges in ligand discovery: new opportunities for chromatographic assay
Ng, E. S. M., & Schriemer, D. C. (2005) · Expert Review of Proteomics · doi:10.1586/14789450.2.6.891 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Su, X., Jianxun, Z., Guo, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2012) · Analytical Letters · doi:10.1080/00032719.2012.700467 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Miller, S. M., Moos, W. H., Munk, B. H., & Munk, S. A. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100625-2.00011-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wu, W. W., Wang, G., Liang, X., Park, J. K., & Shen, R. (2008) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.12.107 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Introduction Strategies in Drug Discovery and Evaluation
Vogel, H. G. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70995-4_1
Papers on combinatorial chemistry or solid-phase synthesis from other journals - December 2000
(2000) · Combinatorial Chemistry - an Online Journal · doi:10.1016/s1464-3383(04)80086-1
(2001) · Journal of Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/jms.89
Introduction Strategies in drug discovery and evaluation1
Vogel, H. G., Vogel, W. H., Schölkens, B. A., Sandow, J., Müller, G. A., & Vogel, W. F. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-29837-1_1
Papers on combinatorial chemistry or solid-phase synthesis from other journals - March 2001
(2001) · Combinatorial Chemistry - an Online Journal · doi:10.1016/s1464-3383(04)80095-2
BindingDB (2009) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q28w3ckc
- Authors
- Cancilla, M. T., Leavell, M. D., Chow, J., & Leary, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- ORCID
- Leavell, Michael D.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2000-10-17
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 12008-12013
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC17285
- OpenAlex
- W1993934748
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
- Keywords
- enzyme inhibitor screening, immobilized enzymes, tandem mass spectrometry, pepsin inhibitor, glutathione S-transferase inhibitors, enzyme recycling, ligand binding
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Enzyme Inhibitors, Enzymes, Immobilized, Glutathione Transferase, Pepsin A, Substrate Specificity, Swine, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
