Impaired response to HAART in HIV-infected individuals with high autonomic nervous system activity
Open accessAbstract
Neurotransmitters can accelerate HIV-1 replication in vitro , leading us to examine whether differences in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity might promote residual HIV-1 replication in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Patients who showed constitutively high levels of ANS activity before highly active antiretroviral therapy experienced poorer suppression of plasma viral load and poorer CD4 + T cell recovery over 3–11 months of therapy. ANS activity was not related to demographic or behavioral characteristics that might influence pathogenesis. However, the ANS neurotransmitter norepinephrine enhanced replication of both CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic strains of HIV-1 in vitro via chemokine receptor up-regulation and enhanced viral gene expression, suggesting that neural activity may directly promote residual viral replication.
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Stressed persons are prone to viral infections.
“Stressed persons are prone to viral infections, more frequent and severe flare-ups of asthma, multiple sclerosis, and arthritis, and to developing premature coronary disease (2–7).”
From A Functional Genomic Fingerprint of Chronic Stress in Humans: Blunted Glucocorticoid and Increased NF-κB Signaling (2008) · cites this paper as [7]
The Results and Discussion (page not provided) report that norepinephrine enhanced cells’ vulnerability to HIV-1 infection in vitro. The Conclusions also suggest a mechanism by which stress can influence HIV disease progression. The paper does not establish that stressed people are more likely to acquire viral infections; its patient findings concern HIV-infected people receiving HAART. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStressed persons are prone to developing premature coronary disease.
“Stressed persons are prone to viral infections, more frequent and severe flare-ups of asthma, multiple sclerosis, and arthritis, and to developing premature coronary disease (2–7).”
From A Functional Genomic Fingerprint of Chronic Stress in Humans: Blunted Glucocorticoid and Increased NF-κB Signaling (2008) · cites this paper as [7]
The Conclusions discuss stress as a possible influence on HIV disease progression, not premature coronary disease. A search for premature coronary disease and cardiovascular risk found only a Methods passage stating that participants with cardiovascular disease or hypertension were excluded; our copy does not address the claimed risk. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStressed persons have more frequent and severe flare-ups of asthma, multiple sclerosis, and arthritis.
“Stressed persons are prone to viral infections, more frequent and severe flare-ups of asthma, multiple sclerosis, and arthritis, and to developing premature coronary disease (2–7).”
From A Functional Genomic Fingerprint of Chronic Stress in Humans: Blunted Glucocorticoid and Increased NF-κB Signaling (2008) · cites this paper as [7]
The Results and Discussion and Conclusions discuss autonomic activity, HIV replication, and response to HAART, not flare-ups of asthma, multiple sclerosis, or arthritis. Searches for those conditions and for stress-related flare-ups found no passage addressing the attributed claim; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Cole, S. W., Naliboff, B. D., Kemeny, M. E., Griswold, M. P., Fahey, J. L., & Zack, J. A.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cole, Steve W.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2001-10-23
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 12695-12700
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC60116
- OpenAlex
- W2121818146
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI036554, AI 49135, AI36554, R29AI033259, AI-33259, R21AI049135)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Keywords
- HIV-1 replication, autonomic nervous system activity, highly active antiretroviral therapy, treatment response, norepinephrine, neurotransmitters, plasma viral load, CD4+ T cell recovery, CCR5-tropic HIV-1, CXCR4-tropic HIV-1
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Autonomic Nervous System, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Norepinephrine, Virus Replication, HIV-1, HIV Infections, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Viral Load, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
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