Mindfulness meditation training effects on CD4+ T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infected adults: A small randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Unlabelled Mindfulness meditation training has stress reduction benefits in various patient populations, but its effects on biological markers of HIV-1 progression are unknown. The present study tested the efficacy of an 8-week Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) meditation program compared to a 1-day control seminar on CD4+ T lymphocyte counts in stressed HIV infected adults. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with enrollment and follow-up occurring between November 2005 and December 2007. A diverse community sample of 48 HIV-1 infected adults was randomized and entered treatment in either an 8-week MBSR or a 1-day control stress reduction education seminar. The primary outcome was circulating counts of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Participants in the 1-day control seminar showed declines in CD4+ T lymphocyte counts whereas counts among participants in the 8-week MBSR program were unchanged from baseline to post-intervention (time x treatment condition interaction, p=.02). This effect was independent of antiretroviral (ARV) medication use. Additional analyses indicated that treatment adherence to the mindfulness meditation program, as measured by class attendance, mediated the effects of mindfulness meditation training on buffering CD4+ T lymphocyte declines. These findings provide an initial indication that mindfulness meditation training can buffer CD4+ T lymphocyte declines in HIV-1 infected adults. Clinical trials registration clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT00600561.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the US, Creswell et al. (2009) found that MBSR buffered CD4 count decline compared to a one-day seminar control.
“In the US, Creswell et al. (2009) found that MBSR buffered CD4 count decline (compared to a one-day seminar control).”
From The Application of Mindfulness for Individuals Living with HIV in South Africa: a Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Pilot Study (2018) · cites this paper as Creswell et al. (2009)
Mindfulness training can affect mental and physical health outcomes, including HIV progression, drug abuse risk, depression relapse, and PTSD symptoms.
“as well as many mental and physical health outcomes (e.g., delaying HIV progression, reducing risk for drug abuse and depression relapse, reducing PTSD symptomatology; Creswell, Myers, Cole, & Irwin, 2009; Bowen et al., 2014; Teasdale et al., 2000; Polusny et al., 2015; for reviews, see Khoury et al., 2013; Ludwig & Kabat-Zinn, 2008).”
From Mechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT (2017) · cites this paper as Creswell, Myers, Cole, & Irwin, 2009
In those HIV/AIDS studies, class attendance mediated immune effects, and life satisfaction, problem-solving coping, and cognitive accuracy to negative stimuli increased with MBIs.
“In these studies, immune effects were mediated by class attendance [42] and were concomitant with MBI-related increases in life satisfaction, problem-solving coping ability, and cognitive accuracy to negative stimuli [43].”
From Mindfulness and physical disease: a concise review (2019) · cites this paper as [43]
In those HIV/AIDS studies, class attendance mediated immune effects, and life satisfaction, problem-solving coping, and cognitive accuracy to negative stimuli increased with MBIs.
“In these studies, immune effects were mediated by class attendance [42] and were concomitant with MBI-related increases in life satisfaction, problem-solving coping ability, and cognitive accuracy to negative stimuli [43].”
From Mindfulness and physical disease: a concise review (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,542 · see citing works
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3 · Cited by 4,255 · see citing works
Psychological Stress and Disease
Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., & Miller, G. E. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.14.1685 · Cited by 3,168 · see citing works
Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation
Davidson, R. J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkranz, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S. F., Urbanowski, F., Harrington, A., Bonus, K., & Sheridan, J. F. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000077505.67574.e3 · Cited by 2,925 · see citing works
Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Kroenke, K., Hornyak, R., & McMurray, J. (2000) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2000.106580 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Carlson, L. E., Speca, M., Patel, K. D., & Goodey, E. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000074003.35911.41 · Cited by 773 · see citing works
Carlson, L. E., Speca, M., Faris, P., & Patel, K. D. (2007) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.04.002 · Cited by 688 · see citing works
The dynamics of CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV disease
McCune, J. M. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35073648 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Meditation practices for health: state of the research.
(2007) · PubMed Central · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Ironson, G. H., O’Cleirigh, C. M., FLETCHER, M. A., Laurenceau, J., Balbin, E., Klimas, N. G., Schneiderman, N., & Solomon, G. F. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000188569.58998.c8 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Crepaz, N., Passin, W. F., Herbst, J. H., Rama, S. M., Malow, R. M., Purcell, D. W., & Wolitski, R. J. (2008) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.4 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Petrie, K. J., Fontanilla, I., Thomas, M. G., Booth, R. J., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000116782.49850.d3 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Cole, S. W., Korin, Y. D., Fahey, J. L., & Zack, J. A. (1998) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.161.2.610 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Self-citationMAY, M. T. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69152-6 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Sloan, E. K., Capitanio, J. P., Tarara, R. P., Mendoza, S. P., Mason, W. A., & Cole, S. W. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1247-07.2007 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationAntoni, M. H., Carrico, A. W., Durán, R. E., Spitzer, S. B., Penedo, F. J., Ironson, G. H., FLETCHER, M. A., Klimas, N. G., & Schneiderman, N. (2006) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000195749.60049.63 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Robinson, F. P., Mathews, H. L., & Witek‐Janusek, L. (2003) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/107555303322524535 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Impaired response to HAART in HIV-infected individuals with high autonomic nervous system activity
Cole, S. W., Naliboff, B. D., Kemeny, M. E., Griswold, M. P., Fahey, J. L., & Zack, J. A. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.221134198 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Creswell, J. D. (2017) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-042716-051139 · Cited by 1,702 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT
Lindsay, E. K., & Creswell, J. D. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.011 · Cited by 919 · see citing works
Self-citationFjorback, L. O., Arendt, M., Ørnbøl, E., Fink, P., & Walach, H. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01704.x · Cited by 803 · see citing works
A systematic review of neurobiological and clinical features of mindfulness meditations
Chiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709991747 · Cited by 749 · see citing works
Mindfulness meditation and the immune system: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Black, D. S., & Slavich, G. M. (2016) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12998 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
How Does Mindfulness Training Affect Health? A Mindfulness Stress Buffering Account
Creswell, J. D., & Lindsay, E. K. (2014) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721414547415 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Self-citationLuders, E., Toga, A. W., Lepore, N., & Gaser, C. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.061 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Creswell, J. D., Pacilio, L. E., Lindsay, E. K., & Brown, K. W. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.02.007 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on intrinsic brain connectivity
Kilpatrick, L. A., Suyenobu, B. Y., Smith, S. R., Bueller, J. A., Goodman, T., Creswell, J. D., Tillisch, K., Mayer, E. A., & Naliboff, B. D. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.034 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Self-citationMindfulness-Based Interventions: An Emerging Phenomenon
Cullen, M. (2011) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0058-1 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Creswell, J. D., Taren, A. A., Lindsay, E. K., Greco, C. M., Gianaros, P. J., Fairgrieve, A., Marsland, A. L., Brown, K. W., Way, B. M., Rosen, R. K., et al. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.008 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Self-citationProspects for a clinical science of mindfulness-based intervention
Dimidjian, S., & Segal, Z. V. (2015) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0039589 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Rapid changes in histone deacetylases and inflammatory gene expression in expert meditators
Kaliman, P., Álvarez-López, M. J., Cosín-Tomás, M., Rosenkranz, M. A., Lutz, A., & Davidson, R. J. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.11.004 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
The Effects of Mind-Body Therapies on the Immune System: Meta-Analysis
Morgan, N., Irwin, M. R., Chung, M., & Wang, C. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100903 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Self-citationMindfulness Training and Physical Health: Mechanisms and Outcomes
Creswell, J. D., Lindsay, E. K., Villalba, D. K., & Chin, B. (2019) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000675 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Self-citationTaren, A. A., Gianaros, P. J., Greco, C. M., Lindsay, E. K., Fairgrieve, A., Brown, K. W., Rosen, R. K., Ferris, J. L., Julson, E., Marsland, A. L., et al. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv066 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Self-citationRandomized controlled trial of a positive affect intervention for people newly diagnosed with HIV.
Moskowitz, J. T., Carrico, A. W., Duncan, L. G., Cohn, M. A., Cheung, E. O., Batchelder, A., Martinez, L., Segawa, E., Acree, M., & Folkman, S. (2017) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000188 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
deVibe, M., Bjørndal, A., Fattah, S., Dyrdal, G. M., Halland, E., & Tanner-Smith, E. E. (2017) · Campbell Systematic Reviews: Better Evidence for a Better World · doi:10.4073/csr.2017.11 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Gayner, B., Esplen, M. J., DeRoche, P., Wong, J., Bishop, S., Kavanagh, L., & Butler, K. (2012) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-011-9350-8 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based stress reduction: A non-pharmacological approach for chronic illnesses
Niazi, A., & Niazi, S. (2011) · North American Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.4297/najms.2011.320 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Serpa, J. G., Taylor, S. L., & Tillisch, K. (2014) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000000202 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based interventions: Towards mindful clinical integration
Shonin, E., Van Gordon, W., & Griffiths, M. D. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00194 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Waldron, E. M., Hong, S., Moskowitz, J. T., & Burnett-Zeigler, I. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0920-5 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Developing an observing attitude: an analysis of meditation diaries in an MBSR clinical trial
Kerr, C. E., Josyula, K., & Littenberg, R. (2011) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.700 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Experimental Existential Psychology: Coping With the Facts of Life
Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Koole, S., & Solomon, S. (2010) · Handbook of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy001020 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Larouche, E., Hudon, C., & Goulet, S. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.058 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Mindfulness and physical disease: a concise review
Greeson, J. M., & Chin, G. R. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.014 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Gallegos, A. M., Lytle, M. C., Moynihan, J. A., & Talbot, N. L. (2015) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000053 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Conklin, Q. A., King, B. G., Zanesco, A. P., Lin, J., Hamidi, A. B., Pokorny, J. J., Álvarez-López, M. J., Cosín-Tomás, M., Huang, C., Kaliman, P., et al. (2018) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.003 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Riley, K. E., & Kalichman, S. (2015) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2014.895928 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Ching, H.-H., Koo, M., Tsai, T.-H., & Chen, C.-Y. (2015) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2015/254358 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Diabetes
Whitebird, R. R., Kreitzer, M. J., & O'Connor, P. J. (2009) · Diabetes Spectrum · doi:10.2337/diaspect.22.4.226 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
A randomized, controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction in HIV infection
Hecht, F. M., Moskowitz, J. T., Moran, P., Epel, E. S., Bacchetti, P., Acree, M., Kemeny, M. E., Mendes, W. B., Duncan, L. G., Weng, H., et al. (2018) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.05.017 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Santini, Z. I., Koyanagi, A., Tyrovolas, S., Haro, J. M., Donovan, R. J., Nielsen, L., & Koushede, V. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.02.074 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Graham, C. D., Weinman, J., Sadjadi, R., Chalder, T., Petty, R., Hanna, M. G., Turner, C., Parton, M., Maddison, P., Radunovic, A., et al. (2014) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215513511340 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
García-Campayo, J., Puebla-Guedea, M., Labarga, A., Urdánoz, A., Roldán, M., Pulido, L., de Morentin, X. M., Perdones-Montero, Á., Montero-Marín, J., & Mendioroz, M. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0851-6 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
McIntosh, R. C., Ironson, G., Antoni, M., Kumar, M., Fletcher, M. A., & Schneiderman, N. (2014) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.024 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hunter-Jones, J. J., Gilliam, S. M., Carswell, A. L., & Hansen, N. B. (2019) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-019-00617-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
McIntyre, T.-L., Elkonin, D., de Kooker, M., & Magidson, J. F. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0827-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Nielsen, E. G., & Minda, J. P. (2021) · Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002393 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kraemer, K. M., & McLeish, A. (2019) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2018.1529326 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Translation of Eastern Meditative Disciplines Into Western Psychotherapy
Semple, R. J., & Hatt, S. P. (2012) · The Oxford Handbook of Psychology and Spirituality · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199729920.013.0021 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Creswell, J. D., Myers, H. F., Cole, S. W., & Irwin, M. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Creswell, J. David
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 184-188
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2725018
- OpenAlex
- W2044269412
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 13.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG026364, P30AG028748)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL079955)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH019925, T32MH-019925-09)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA119159)
- National Center for Research Resources ((M01 RR00865), M01RR000865, M01RR000827)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- mindfulness meditation, mindfulness-based stress reduction, HIV-1 infection, CD4+ T cells, waning immunity, stress reduction, antiretroviral therapy, medication adherence, psychological intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, HIV-1, HIV Infections, Treatment Outcome, Meditation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
