Microfabricated needles for transdermal delivery of macromolecules and nanoparticles: Fabrication methods and transport studies
Open accessAbstract
Arrays of micrometer-scale needles could be used to deliver drugs, proteins, and particles across skin in a minimally invasive manner. We therefore developed microfabrication techniques for silicon, metal, and biodegradable polymer microneedle arrays having solid and hollow bores with tapered and beveled tips and feature sizes from 1 to 1,000 μm. When solid microneedles were used, skin permeability was increased in vitro by orders of magnitude for macromolecules and particles up to 50 nm in radius. Intracellular delivery of molecules into viable cells was also achieved with high efficiency. Hollow microneedles permitted flow of microliter quantities into skin in vivo , including microinjection of insulin to reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.
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Fabrication of 3D microneedle electrodes by assembling 2D probe combs or etching bulk materials is expensive and time consuming.
“Because these approaches require special equipment or platforms, microneedle structures that are fabricated either by assembling 2D probe combs or etching bulk materials are expensive and time consuming.”
From A flexible three-dimensional electrode mesh: An enabling technology for wireless brain–computer interface prostheses (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- McAllister, D. V., Wang, P. M., Davis, S. P., Park, J.-H., Canatella, P. J., Allen, M. G., & Prausnitz, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2003-11-17
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 13755-13760
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC283494
- OpenAlex
- W2147323866
- Cited by
- 859
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 22.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- American Diabetes Association
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Intramuscular injections and effects
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- microneedle arrays, transdermal drug delivery, microfabrication, silicon microneedles, hollow microneedles, skin permeability, macromolecule delivery, nanoparticle delivery, intracellular delivery, diabetes mellitus
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Cutaneous, Animals, Biomedical Engineering, Blood Glucose, Cell Line, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Equipment Design, Glass, Humans, Insulin, Male, Metals, Microinjections, Models, Biological, Polymers, Silicon, Syringes, Nanotechnology, Macromolecular Substances, Rats, In Vitro Techniques
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