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On the evolution of the genetic code.
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In the citing paper
“Most likely, the code assignments and the translation mechanism evolved together [75].”
From The Origin of Prebiotic Information System in the Peptide/RNA World: A Simulation Model of the Evolution of Translation and the Genetic Code (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“Consequently, many amino acids have more than one tRNA to which they can attach; in addition, many tRNAs can pair with more than one codon [75].”
From The Origin of Prebiotic Information System in the Peptide/RNA World: A Simulation Model of the Evolution of Translation and the Genetic Code (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“The 20 amino acids that were found in proteins are specified by 61 different mRNA codons. Instead of containing 61 different tRNAs with 61 different codons, though, most bacterial cells contain some 30-40 different tRNAs.”
From The Origin of Prebiotic Information System in the Peptide/RNA World: A Simulation Model of the Evolution of Translation and the Genetic Code (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“We concur with previous researchers that multi-generations of amino acids were sequentially produced [75,88,104,113] as the code expanded, along with the pathways of amino acid biosynthesis.”
From The Origin of Prebiotic Information System in the Peptide/RNA World: A Simulation Model of the Evolution of Translation and the Genetic Code (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Woese, C. R.
- Corresponding author
- Woese, C R
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1965-12
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1546-1552
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC300511
- OpenAlex
- W1978595049
- Cited by
- 487
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Keywords
- genetic code, origin of the genetic code, codon evolution, molecular evolution
- MeSH terms
- Biological Evolution, Genetic Code, Models, Theoretical, RNA, Transfer
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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