The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Integration of mini-retroviral DNA: a cell-free reaction for biochemical analysis of retroviral integration
Open accessAbstract
After retroviral infection of a permissive cell, the viral RNA is reverse-transcribed to make a DNA copy of the viral genome. Integration of this DNA copy into the host genome is a necessary step for efficient viral replication. We have developed a cell-free system for integration of exogenous mini-retroviral DNA. The termini of this linear mini-Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) DNA are designed to mimic the ends of authentic unintegrated MoMLV DNA. The viral proteins required for integration can be provided either as a cytoplasmic extract of MoMLV-infected NIH 3T3 cells or as disrupted MoMLV particles. Phage lambda DNA serves as the target for integration. Genetic markers present on the mini-MoMLV DNA enable integration events to be detected, and the recombinants recovered, by selection in Escherichia coli. Integration, which occurs at heterogeneous locations in the target DNA, is absolutely dependent on the presence of a source of viral proteins and a divalent cation in the reaction mixture. The fidelity of the integration reaction was confirmed by sequencing the junctions between the integrated MoMLV DNA and adjacent lambda DNA sequence. In each case, as expected for authentic MoMLV DNA integration, a 4-base-pair duplication of target DNA sequence flanked the integrated MoMLV DNA.
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“These studies demonstrated that PIC-containing reverse-transcribed dsDNA could be integrated into a heterologous DNA (Fujiwara and Mizuuchi 1988, Fujiwara and Craigie 1989, Bushman et al. 1990, Craigie et al. 1990, Katz et al. 1990, Lee and Coffin 1990, Engelman et al. 1991, Brown 1997).”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Fujiwara and Craigie 1989
Citations
Cites
Correct integration of retroviral DNA in vitro
Brown, P. O., Bowerman, B. A., VARMUS, H. E., & Bishop, J. M. (1987) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90287-x · Cited by 460
Retroviral DNA integration: structure of an integration intermediate
Fujiwara, T., & Mizuuchi, K. (1988) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90071-2 · Cited by 385
Self-citationShoemaker, C. B., Goff, S. P., Gilboa, E., Paskind, M. P., Mitra, S. W., & Baltimore, D. (1980) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.77.7.3932 · Cited by 259
Schwartzberg, P., Colicelli, J., & Goff, S. P. (1984) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(84)90439-2 · Cited by 242
Fan, H., & Baltimore, D. (1973) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(73)90235-0 · Cited by 221
Sequence and spacing requirements of a retrovirus integration site
Colicelli, J., & Goff, S. P. (1988) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(88)90378-6 · Cited by 198
Mechanism of transposition of bacteriophage Mu: structure of a transposition intermediate
Craigie, R., & Mizuuchi, K. (1985) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80067-2 · Cited by 155
Self-citationCircles with two tandem LTRs are precursors to integrated retrovirus DNA
Panganiban, A. T., & Temin, H. M. (1984) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(84)90347-7 · Cited by 138
Colicelli, J., & Goff, S. P. (1985) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(85)90114-x · Cited by 137
Cobrinik, D. E., Katz, R. A., Terry, R., Skalka, A. M., & Leis, J. P. (1987) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.61.6.1999-2008.1987 · Cited by 63
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Tanaka, A., Hara, H., Park, H. T., Wolfert, J., Fujihara, M., Izutani, R., & Kaji, A. (1992) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/0022-1317-73-7-1781 · Cited by 5
Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication
Jehad, M. A., Ali, L. M., Pillai, V. N., Prabhu, S. G., Mustafa, F., & Rizvi, T. A. (2026) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaf066 · Cited by 5
“These studies demonstrated that PIC-containing reverse-transcribed dsDNA could be integrated into a heterologous DNA (Fujiwara and Mizuuchi 1988 , Fujiwara and Craigie 1989 , Bushman et al. 1990 , Craigie et al. 1990 , Katz et al. 1990 , Lee and Coffin 1990 , Engelman et al. 1991 , Brown 1997 ).”
The Road to HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors: The Case for Supporting Basic Research
Craigie, R. (2014) · Future Virology · doi:10.2217/fvl.14.77 · Cited by 3
Self-citationIntegrase Mechanism and Function
Craigie, R. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781118015377.ch3 · Cited by 2
Self-citationTorne-Celer, C., Moreau, K., Faure, C., Chebloune, Y., Verdier, G., & Ronfort, C. (2008) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2008.02.009 · Cited by 2
Balasubramanian, S., Rajagopalan, M., Bojja, R. S., Skalka, A. M., Andrake, M., & Ramaswamy, A. (2016) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2016.1257955 · Cited by 1
Brem, G. (2001) · Biotechnology Set · doi:10.1002/9783527620999.ch18a · Cited by 1
Foamy virus vector integration and application in gene therapy
Sweeney, N. P. (2015) · Spiral (Imperial College London) · doi:10.25560/50704
Carta, F., & Sechi, M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823974-2.00006-1
Metadata
- Authors
- Fujiwara, T., & Craigie, R.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US)
- ORCID
- Craigie, R
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1989-05
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3065-3069
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC287065
- OpenAlex
- W1971994381
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 9.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- retroviral integration, Moloney murine leukemia virus, reverse transcription, target site duplication, divalent cations
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, Cell Line, Cell-Free System, Chromatography, Gel, Cytoplasm, DNA Nucleotidyltransferases, DNA, Viral, Moloney murine leukemia virus, Bacteriophage lambda, Recombination, Genetic, Viral Proteins, Virus Replication, Integrases, Mice
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