The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Characterization of the fusion domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp41.
Open accessAbstract
The human immunodeficiency virus transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 has at its amino terminus a strongly hydrophobic stretch of 28 amino acids flanked by a highly conserved series of polar amino acids. To investigate the role in syncytium formation of the hydrophobic amino terminus of gp41 and the polar border of this hydrophobic region, we introduced eight single-amino acid substitutions and one double-amino acid substitution in the amino-terminal 31 amino acids of gp41. The mutant envelope glycoproteins were expressed from two distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein expression vectors; the effects of the mutations on syncytium formation, envelope glycoprotein transport, secretion, and CD4 receptor-binding were analyzed. Results showed that polar substitutions throughout the hydrophobic amino terminus of gp41 greatly reduced or blocked syncytium formation mediated by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins, as did nonconservative mutations in the polar border of the hydrophobic amino terminus. Mutations at gp41 amino acids 15, 26, and 29 also significantly increased the extent of gp120 secretion into the extracellular medium. None of the mutations detectably affected envelope glycoprotein processing or envelope glycoprotein binding to CD4.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
[19] Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection
Kunkel, T. A., Roberts, J. D., & Zakour, R. A. (1987) · Methods in Enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(87)54085-x · Cited by 5,261
Adachi, A., Gendelman, H. E., Koenig, S., Folks, T., Willey, R., Rabson, A., & Martin, M. A. (1986) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.59.2.284-291.1986 · Cited by 2,834
Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III
Ratner, L., Haseltine, W., Patarca, R., Livak, K. J., Starcich, B., Josephs, S. F., Doran, E. R., Rafalski, J. A., Whitehorn, E. A., Baumeister, K., et al. (1985) · Nature · doi:10.1038/313277a0 · Cited by 2,245
The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain
Maddon, P. J., Dalgleish, A. G., McDougal, J. S., Clapham, P. R., Weiss, R. A., & Axel, R. (1986) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90590-8 · Cited by 2,002
Plaque assay techniques for murine leukemia viruses
Rowe, W. P., Pugh, W. E., & Hartley, J. W. (1970) · Virology · doi:10.1016/0042-6822(70)90362-4 · Cited by 1,243
[32] Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of DNA fragments cloned into M13 vectors
Zoller, M. J., & Smith, M. (1983) · Methods in Enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(83)00074-9 · Cited by 1,072
Functional Regions of the Envelope Glycoprotein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Kowalski, M., Potz, J., Basiripour, L., Dorfman, T., Goh, W. C., Terwilliger, E., Dayton, A., Rosen, C., Haseltine, W., & Sodroski, J. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3629244 · Cited by 848
Genome organization and transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2
Guyader, M., Emerman, M., Sonigo, P., Clavel, F., Montagnier, L., & Alizon, M. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/326662a0 · Cited by 848
Role of the HTLV-III/LAV envelope in syncytium formation and cytopathicity
Sodroski, J., Goh, W. C., Rosen, C., Campbell, K., & Haseltine, W. A. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/322470a0 · Cited by 798
Starcich, B. R., Hahn, B. H., Shaw, G. M., McNeely, P. D., Modrow, S., Wolf, H., Parks, E. S., Parks, W. P., Josephs, S. F., Gallo, R. C., et al. (1986) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90778-6 · Cited by 767
Cited by
Thali, M., Moore, J. P., Furman, C., Charles, M., Ho, D. D., Robinson, J., & Sodroski, J. (1993) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.67.7.3978-3988.1993 · Cited by 616
Sattentau, Q. J., & Moore, J. P. (1991) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.174.2.407 · Cited by 600
VIRUS-CELL AND CELL-CELL FUSION
Hernandez, L. D., Hoffman, L. R., Wolfsberg, T. G., & White, J. M. (1996) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.627 · Cited by 567
Structural biology of HIV 1 1Edited by P. E. Wright
Turner, B. G., & Summers, M. F. (1999) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2354 · Cited by 470
Salzwedel, K., West, J. T., & Hunter, E. (1999) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.73.3.2469-2480.1999 · Cited by 422
Metadata
- Authors
- Freed, E. O., Myers, D. J., & Risser, R.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1990-06
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4650-4654
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W1974053173
- Cited by
- 356
- References
- 38
- FWCI
- 7.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Characterization of the fusion domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp41. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.87.12.4650
- The paper
- Freed, E. O., Myers, D. J., & Risser, R. (1990). Characterization of the fusion domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp41. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.12.4650
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
