Cited by 1,014Chemical Synthesis and AnalysisDNA and Nucleic Acid ChemistryClick Chemistry and Applications

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Encoded combinatorial chemistry.

Open access

Brenner, S, Lerner, R A·1992·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The diversity of chemical synthesis and the power of genetics are linked to provide a powerful, versatile method for drug screening. A process of alternating parallel combinatorial synthesis is used to encode individual members of a large library of chemicals with unique nucleotide sequences. After the chemical entity is bound to a target, the genetic tag can be amplified by replication and utilized for enrichment of the bound molecules by serial hybridization to a subset of the library. The nature of the chemical structure bound to the receptor is decoded by sequencing the nucleotide tag.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.89.12.5381

Cites

9 of 9 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment: RNA Ligands to Bacteriophage T4 DNA Polymerase
Tuerk, C., & Gold, L. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2200121 · Cited by 10,421
In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands
Ellington, A. D., & Szostak, J. W. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/346818a0 · Cited by 9,845
Light-Directed, Spatially Addressable Parallel Chemical Synthesis
Fodor, S. P. A., Read, J., Pirrung, M. C., Stryer, L., Lu, A. T., & Solas, D. W. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1990438 · Cited by 2,697
Searching for Peptide Ligands with an Epitope Library
Scott, J. K., & Smith, G. P. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1696028 · Cited by 2,087
A new type of synthetic peptide library for identifying ligand-binding activity
Lam, K. S., Salmon, S. E., Hersh, E. M., Hruby, V. J., Kazmierski, W. M., & Knapp, R. J. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/354082a0 · Cited by 1,803
Use of peptide synthesis to probe viral antigens for epitopes to a resolution of a single amino acid.
Geysen, H. M., Meloen, R. H., & Barteling, S. J. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.13.3998 · Cited by 1,478
Generation and use of synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries for basic research and drug discovery
Houghten, R. A., Pinilla, C., Blondelle, S. E., Appel, J. R., Dooley, C. T., & Cuervo, J. H. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/354084a0 · Cited by 1,327
Peptides on phage: a vast library of peptides for identifying ligands.
Cwirla, S. E., Peters, E. A., Barrett, R. W., & Dower, W. J. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.16.6378 · Cited by 930
CODES WITHOUT COMMAS
Crick, F. H. C., Griffith, J. S., & Orgel, L. E. (1957) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.43.5.416 · Cited by 333

Show all 9 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

[2]Geysen, H. M., Meloen, R. H. & Barteling, S. J. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 3998–4002.
[6]Cwirla, S. E., Peters, E. A., Barrett, R. W. & Dower, W. J. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 6378–6382.
[9]Crick, F. H. C., Griffith, J. S. & Orgel, L. E. (1957) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 43, 416–421.
[10]Merrifield, B. (1984) Les Prix Nobel (Almqvist & Wiksell International, Stockholm), pp. 127–153.

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 1,000

The Combinatorial Library: A Multifunctional Resource
Schultz, J. S., & Schultz, J. S. (1996) · Biotechnology Progress · doi:10.1021/bp960081w · Cited by 11
“Brenner and Lerner (1992) suggested the parallel synthesis of a oligonucleotide code on the bead in parallel with the synthesis of the peptide.”
Background
Plant natural fragments, an innovative approach for drug discovery
David, B., Grondin, A., Schambel, P., Vitorino, M., & Zeyer, D. (2019) · Phytochemistry Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11101-019-09612-4 · Cited by 13
Models and search strategies for applied molecular evolution
Levitan, B. S. (1997) · Annual reports in combinatorial chemistry and molecular diversity · doi:10.1007/978-0-306-46904-6_11 · Cited by 11
Evaluation of Carbodiimides Using a Competition Method
Izdebski, J., & Kunce, D. (1997) · Journal of Peptide Science · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1387(199703)3:2 · Cited by 14
From serendipity to strategy: molecular glue degraders in cancer therapeutics
Darling, S., Bajrami, I., & West, S. C. (2025) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1080/10409238.2025.2564068 · Cited by 9
“Originally conceived by Brenner and lerner, Dels are built through iterative chemical synthesis in which each small molecule is covalently linked to a unique DNA tag that enables the parallel screening of millions of pooled compounds (Brenner and lerner 1992).”
Unleashing the power of DNA-encoded libraries for challenging targets in drug discovery
Du, N., Li, Y., Lou, Q., Zhang, G., Li, Y., & Li, Y. (2026) · Pharmaceutical Science Advances · doi:10.1016/j.pscia.2026.100115 · Cited by 10
Light-induced β-hydroxy sulfone synthesis in DNA-encoded libraries
Xue, L., Yu, J., Zhong, Y., Chen, J., Li, C., Yang, K., Duchemin, N., & Hu, Y. J. (2024) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d4cc02193b · Cited by 10
Highly Selective Novel Heme Oxygenase-1 Hits Found by DNA-Encoded Library Machine Learning beyond the DEL Chemical Space
Han, S., Guo, X., Wang, M., Liu, H., Song, Y., He, Y., Hsueh, K.-L., Cui, W., Su, W., Kuai, L., et al. (2024) · ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00121 · Cited by 10
FSO2N3-Mediated On-DNA Diazo-Transfer Chemistry
Huang, Q., Gu, Y., Qin, A., Ma, P., Xu, H., & Zhang, S. (2024) · ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00307 · Cited by 10
Synthesis of a DNA‐Encoded Library of Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines
Park, J., Wang, H. M., Shin, M. H., & Lim, H. (2021) · Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society · doi:10.1002/bkcs.12243 · Cited by 10
Improvement of Oral Absorption of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs by Solid Dispersions with Amphiphilic Phospholipid Polymer
Yoshie, K., & Ishihara, K. (2022) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.009 · Cited by 10
Construction of DNA Codes From Composite Matrices and a Bio-Inspired Optimization Algorithm
Dougherty, S. T., Korban, A., Şahinkaya, S., & Üstün, D. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · doi:10.1109/tit.2022.3217518 · Cited by 10
“As explained above, DNA strand hybridization is fundamental for DNA storage system, cryptosystems and DNA based computing [1], [9], [13], [40], [44].”
Background
Micelle‐Mediated Sonogashira Coupling for DNA‐Encoded Library Synthesis
Graham, J. S., Stanway‐Gordon, H. A., & Waring, M. J. (2023) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202300603 · Cited by 10
Rigid Scaffolds Are Promising for Designing Macrocyclic Kinase Inhibitors
Zhao, Z., & Bourne, P. E. (2023) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.3c00078 · Cited by 8
DNA‐Encoded Libraries: Hydrazide as a Pluripotent Precursor for On‐DNA Synthesis of Various Azole Derivatives
Ma, F., Li, J., Zhang, S., Gu, Y., Tan, T., Chen, W., Wang, S., Ma, P., Xu, H., Yang, G., et al. (2021) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202100850 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
DELs enable the development of BRET probes for target engagement studies in cells
Teske, K. A., Su, W., Corona, C. R., Wen, J., Deng, J., Ping, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Q., Wilkinson, J., Beck, M., et al. (2023) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.06.019 · Cited by 10
Combinatorial Chemistry and its Applications in Agriculture and Food
Wong, D. W. S., & Robertson, G. H. (1999) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4729-7_8 · Cited by 10
Double-stranded DNA arrays: next steps in the surface campaign
Carlson, R. E., & Brent, R. (1999) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/9837 · Cited by 10
Practical Aspects of Combinatorial Solid‐Phase Synthesis
Hlaváč, J., Soural, M., & Krchňák, V. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781118141649.ch3 · Cited by 10
DNA-Encoded Library Technology (DELT) After a Quarter Century
Goodnow, R. A. (2018) · SLAS DISCOVERY · doi:10.1177/2472555218766250 · Cited by 10
Constructive on-DNA Thiol Aerial Oxidization for DNA-Encoded Library Synthesis
Xue, L., Ma, H., Liu, W., Duchemin, N., Zeng, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, H., Yang, K., & Hu, Y. J. (2023) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c03160 · Cited by 9
Selenium: The Emerging Element in the Medicinal Chemist’s Toolkit
Cui, L., Hou, W., & Xu, H. (2024) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.4155/fmc-2024-0041 · Cited by 9
Targeting fusion oncoproteins in childhood cancers: challenges and future opportunities for developing therapeutics
Verma, S. K., Witkin, K. L., Sharman, A., & Smith, M. A. (2024) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djae075 · Cited by 10
DNA-compatible one-pot synthesis of multi-substituted dihydrofuran via pyridinium ylide-mediated cyclization
Fang, X., Ning, X., Li, Y., Zhang, G., Fan, X., & Li, Y. (2025) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d4ob02089h · Cited by 9
Discovering Cell‐Targeting Ligands and Cell‐Surface Receptors by Selection of DNA‐Encoded Chemical Libraries against Cancer Cells without Predefined Targets
Gui, Y., Hou, R., Huang, Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, S., Meng, L., Li, Y., Lam, F. S., Ding, R., Cao, Y. W., et al. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202421172 · Cited by 9
Proteomic Ligandability Maps of Phosphorus(V) Stereoprobes Identify Covalent TLCD1 Inhibitors
Sharma, H. A., Bielecki, M., Holm, M. A., Thompson, T. M., Yin, Y., Cravatt, J. B., Ware, T. B., Reed, A., Nassir, M., Ewing, T. E., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.5c01944 · Cited by 11
Selective Identification of Allosteric Inhibitors and Co-Drug Combinations Targeting Kinases by Using a Nanopore Tweezer Approach
Li, F., Foster, J. C., Nguyen, L., & Chen, M. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c07468 · Cited by 11
DNA-Compatible Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction of Aryl Iodides With (Hetero)Aryl Boronic Acids for DNA-Encoded Libraries
Siripuram, V. K., Sunkari, Y. K., Nguyen, T.-L., & Flajolet, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.894603 · Cited by 9
“DNA-Encoded Library (DEL) technology is based on the concept from Brenner and Lerner (Brenner and Lerner 1992) and it is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to identify novel chemical matter that binds and modulates specific protein targets (Melkko et al.”
Method
Incorporation of viridicatin alkaloid-like scaffolds into DNA-encoded chemical libraries
Fang, X., Liao, H., Fan, X., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Zhang, G., Fang, W., Li, Y., & Li, Y. (2023) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d2ob02278h · Cited by 9
DNA-compatible combinatorial synthesis of functionalized 2-thiobenzazole scaffolds
Li, X., Liu, C., Gao, Y., Zhang, G., Li, Y., & Li, Y. (2023) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d3cc02593d · Cited by 9
Simple and Practical DNA Quantification Method for DNA-Encoded Library Synthesis
Ma, H., Sun, Z., Xue, L., Zhao, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, H., Yang, K., & Hu, Y. J. (2023) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c06768 · Cited by 9
Innovative On-DNA Synthesis of Sulfides and Sulfoximines: Enriching the DEL Synthesis Toolbox
Sun, Z., Zhong, Y., Chen, Y., Xiao, L., Wang, J., Zeng, F., Yang, K., Duchemin, N., & Hu, Y. J. (2024) · Organic Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01138 · Cited by 9
Combinatorial optimization algorithms for the design of codes: a survey
Montemanni, R. (2015) · IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) · Cited by 9
Development of DNA-compatible hydroxycarbonylation reactions using chloroform as a source of carbon monoxide
Liu, W., Huang, W., Lin, Q., Tsai, M., Zhang, R., Fan, L., Scott, J. D., Liu, G., & Wan, J. (2021) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116118 · Cited by 9
Expanding the scope of native chemical ligation – templated small molecule drug synthesis via benzanilide formation
Houska, R., Stutz, M. B., & Seitz, O. (2021) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d1sc00513h · Cited by 9
Opportunities for Expanding Encoded Chemical Diversification and Improving Hit Enrichment in mRNA‐Displayed Peptide Libraries
Melsen, P. R. A., Yoshisada, R., & Jongkees, S. A. K. (2022) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.202100685 · Cited by 9
Switchable DNA‐Encoded Chemical Library: Interconversion between Double‐ and Single‐Stranded DNA Formats
Zhao, G., Fan, X., Li, Y., Zhang, G., & Li, Y. (2022) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.202200025 · Cited by 9
Translating DNA into Synthetic Molecules
Liu, D. R. (2004) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020223 · Cited by 9
“The translation of DNA into synthetic molecules is conceptually distinct from the use of DNA simply as a tag during the solid-phase synthesis of a molecule that is part of a combinatorial library (Brenner and Lerner 1992).”
Background
Using a PCR‐Based Method To Analyze and Model Large, Heterogeneous Populations of DNA
Andrade, H., Thomas, A. K., Lin, W., Reddavide, F. V., & Zhang, Y. (2019) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.201900603 · Cited by 9
DNA‐Encoded Chemical Libraries
Dumelin, C. E., Scheuermann, J., Melkko, S., & Neri, D. (2006) · QSAR & Combinatorial Science · doi:10.1002/qsar.200640104 · Cited by 9
Randomized Fast Design of Short DNA Words
Kao, M., Sanghi, M., & Schweller, R. (2005) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11523468_103 · Cited by 9
“Meshed-Bag Gathered-Bunch” Method for Solid-Phase Synthesis of Small Molecular Diverse Compounds
Zhang, S.-D., Liu, G., Xia, S.-Q., Wu, P., & Zhang, L. N. (2002) · Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry · doi:10.1021/cc010023p · Cited by 9
Robotic Hierarchical Mixing for the Production of Combinatorial Libraries of Proteins and Small Molecules
Avramova, L. V., Desai, J., Weaver, S., Friedman, A. M., & Bailey‐Kellogg, C. (2007) · Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry · doi:10.1021/cc700106e · Cited by 9
Synthetic Oligonucleotide Combinatorlal Libraries - Tools For Studying Nucleic Acid Interactions
SELIGER, H., Bader, R., Hinz, M., Rotte, B., Astriab, A., Markiewicz, M., & Markiewicz, W. T. (1997) · Nucleosides and Nucleotides · doi:10.1080/07328319708002937 · Cited by 9
Combinatorial chemistry: Polymer supported synthesis of peptide and non-peptide libraries
Kundu, B. K., Khare, S. K., & Rastogi, S. K. (1999) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8735-9_3 · Cited by 9
Automated Synthesus if Nonnatural Oligomer Libraries: The Peptoid Concept
Richter, L. S., Spellmeyer, D. C., Martin, É., Figliozzi, G. M., & Zuckermann, R. N. (1996) · doi:10.1002/9783527614912.ch14 · Cited by 9
Pharmaceutical Screening: From Off-the-Wall to Off-the-Shelf
Hodgson, J. (1993) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0693-683 · Cited by 9
The construction of DNA codes using a computer algebra system
Aboluion, N. (2011) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 9
Selection of Functional RNA and DNA Molecules from Randomized Sequences
Famulok, M., & Szostak, J. W. (1993) · Nucleic acids and molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-77950-3_17 · Cited by 9
Construction and Screening of Libraries of Peptide and Non-Peptide Structures
Lebl, M., Krchňák, V., Šafář, P., Stierandová, A., SEPETOV, N. F., Kočiš, P., & Lam, K. S. (1994) · Techniques in protein chemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-194710-1.50066-7 · Cited by 9
Discovery and Optimization of WDR5 Inhibitors via Cascade Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Encoded Library Selection Approach
Qin, S., Feng, L., Zhao, Q., Yan, Z., Lyu, X., Li, K., Mu, B., Chen, Y., Lu, W., Wang, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01463 · Cited by 8
Development of on-DNA Formation of Benzofuran for DNA-Encoded Library Synthesis
Luo, A., Zhou, H., Wang, X., Zeng, F., Yu, W., Yang, K., Duchemin, N., & Hu, Y. J. (2024) · Organic Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00187 · Cited by 8
Oxoammonium Salt-Mediated On-DNA Alcohol Oxidation for DEL Synthesis
Chheda, P. R., Simmons, N., & Shi, Z. (2024) · Organic Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02474 · Cited by 8
On-DNA Synthesis of Privileged Dihydropteridinones via Diboron-Mediated Cyclizations
Wang, X., Shen, X., Xia, Y., Liu, Z., Zhao, H., & Lu, X. (2025) · Organic Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.5c03164 · Cited by 8
Integration of SuFEx and Sonogashira Cross-Coupling for the Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Aryl Acetylenes on DNA
Pan, K., Yao, Y., Bi, W., & Xu, H. (2025) · Organic Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.5c03483 · Cited by 8
Ruthenium-Mediated N-Arylation for DNA-Encoded Libraries
Kanoo, S., Beato, E. D. P., Schulte, T., Vogelsang, L., Torkowski, L., Waldbach, F., Hartmann, P., Kayal, R., Dietz, K., & Ritter, T. (2025) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.5c11842 · Cited by 8
Mapping Chemical Structures to Markush Structures Using SMIRKS
Deng, W., Schneider, G., & So, W. V. (2011) · Molecular Informatics · doi:10.1002/minf.201100041 · Cited by 8
DNA‐Encoded Libraries: Towards Harnessing their Full Power with Darwinian Evolution
Dockerill, M., & Winssinger, N. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202215542 · Cited by 9
Photoredox-catalysed hydroaminoalkylation of on-DNA N -arylamines
Mahdavi‐Amiri, Y., Hu, M. S. J., Frias, N., Movahedi, M., Csakai, A., Marcaurelle, L. A., & Hili, R. (2023) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d2ob01956f · Cited by 9
Synthesis of Diacylhydrazine Derivatives Based on Tetrazole-Focused DNA-Encoded Library
Zhang, J., Liu, J., Zhang, G., He, X., Xiong, F., Fan, X., Li, Y., & Li, Y. (2024) · Organic Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04374 · Cited by 8
Augmenting Chemical Space with DNA-encoded Library Technology and Machine Learning
Guasch, L., Reutlinger, M., Stoffler, D., & Wichert, M. (2021) · CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry · doi:10.2533/chimia.2021.105 · Cited by 8
Scope of on-DNA nucleophilic aromatic substitution on weakly-activated heterocyclic substrates for the synthesis of DNA-encoded libraries
Castan, I. F. S. F., Madin, A., Pairaudeau, G., & Waring, M. J. (2022) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116688 · Cited by 8
Development of a DNA‐Templated Peptide Probe for Photoaffinity Labeling and Enrichment of the Histone Modification Reader Proteins
Bai, X., Lu, C., Jin, J., Tian, S., Guo, Z., Chen, P., Zhai, G., Zheng, S., He, X., Fan, E., et al. (2016) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201602558 · Cited by 8
Conjugation of oligonucleotides with activated carbamate reagents prepared by the Ugi reaction for oligonucleotide library synthesis
Kita, R., Osawa, T., & Obika, S. (2022) · RSC Chemical Biology · doi:10.1039/d1cb00240f · Cited by 8
Automated and enabling technologies for medicinal chemistry
Nichols, P. L. (2021) · Progress in medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1016/bs.pmch.2021.01.003 · Cited by 8
Bridging the Gap Between Nanotoxicological Data and the Critical Structure–Activity Relationships
Yan, X., Yue, T., Zhu, H., & Yan, B. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-9116-4_7 · Cited by 10
gem‐Difluoromethylene Alkyne‐Enabled Diverse C−H Functionalization and Application to the on‐DNA Synthesis of Difluorinated Isocoumarins
Gao, H., Lin, S., Zhang, S., Chen, W., Liu, X., Yang, G., Lerner, R. A., Xu, H., Zhou, Z., & Yi, W. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202013052 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
A fluorogenic native chemical ligation for assessing the role of distance in peptide-templated peptide ligation
Petszulat, H., & Seitz, O. (2017) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.007 · Cited by 8
Lasercodierung in der kombinatorischen Chemie
Xiao, X., Zhao, C., Potash, H., & Nova, M. P. (1997) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.19971090729 · Cited by 8
Reported Applications of DNA‐Encoded Library Chemistry
Ottl, J. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118832738.ch14 · Cited by 8
Deconvolution methods in solid-phase synthesis
Baldwin, J. J., & Dolle, R. E. (1997) · Annual reports in combinatorial chemistry and molecular diversity · doi:10.1007/978-0-306-46904-6_19 · Cited by 8
Screening of a Combinatorial Homing Peptide Library for Selective Cellular Delivery
Svensen, N., Díaz‐Mochon, J. J., Dhaliwal, K., Planonth, S., Dewar, M., Armstrong, J. D., & Bradley, M. (2011) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201101804 · Cited by 7
The Evolution of Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology: From DNA Assembly to DNA‐Encoded Library
Nie, Q., Fang, X., Huang, J., Xu, T., Li, Y., Zhang, G., & Li, Y. (2025) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.202401631 · Cited by 7
DNA-Compatible Huisgen [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of In Situ Formed Nitrile Oxides with Alkenes or Alkynes to Synthesize Isoxazolines or Isoxazoles
Wang, G., Zhang, X., Zhu, H., Shi, X., Wen, Z., Zhang, Q., Satz, A. L., Su, W., Kuai, L., & Dai, D. (2025) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.joc.5c00078 · Cited by 7
Selection of DNA‐Encoded Dynamic Chemical Libraries for Direct Inhibitor Discovery
Deng, Y., Peng, J., Xiong, F., Song, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhang, J., Lam, F. S., Xie, C., Shen, W., Huang, Y., et al. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202005070 · Cited by 7
Navigating chemical reaction space – application to DNA-encoded chemistry
Chines, S., Ehrt, C., Potowski, M., Biesenkamp, F., Grützbach, L., Brunner, S., van den Broek, F., Bali, S., Ickstadt, K., & Brunschweiger, A. (2022) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d2sc02474h · Cited by 7
The Development of Learning
Kuhn, D. (2006) · Journal of Cognition and Development · doi:10.1207/s15327647jcd0703_5 · Cited by 7
Assessing histidine tags for recruiting deoxyribozymes to catalyze peptide and protein modification reactions
Chu, C., & Silverman, S. K. (2016) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c6ob00716c · Cited by 7
High-Throughput Screening
Wingfield, J. M. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.13983-6 · Cited by 8
Hardware Acceleration for Thermodynamic Constrained DNA Code Generation
Qiu, Q., Mukre, P., Bishop, M. A., Burns, D., & Wu, Q. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-77962-9_21 · Cited by 7
“Short DNA sequences can be synthesized easily and be used for different applications, including high density information storage [2], molecular computation of hard combinatorial problems [1], and molecular barcode to identify individual modules in complex chemical libraries [3].”
Background
Evolutionary Design of a Model of Self-Assembling Chemical Structures
Buchanan, A., Gazzola, G., & Bedau, M. A. (2007) · Cited by 7
Combinatorial Library Based on the One‐Bead‐One‐Compound Concept
Lam, K. S., & Lebl, M. (1996) · doi:10.1002/9783527614912.ch06 · Cited by 7
Sequential determination of ligands binding to discrete components in heterogeneous mixtures by iterative panning and blocking (IPAB)
Messmer, B. T., Benham, C. J., & Thaler, D. S. (2000) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3487 · Cited by 7
“In other cases, the library is constructed on beads with each bead containing a unique sequence for selection and an identi®er that is easier to read on a microscale than is the actinic, or selected material (Brenner & Lerner, 1992).”
Background
New tools for libraries: Macrobeads of 750 μimol diameter and selective orthogonal functionalization of inner sites and outer surface of beads
Rapp, W. E., Wiesmüller, K., Fleckenstein, B. T., Gnau, V., & Jung, G. (1995) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1468-4_31 · Cited by 7
Combinatorial Chemistry
Tiebes, D. (1999) · doi:10.1002/9783527613502.ch01 · Cited by 7
Combinatorial Chemistry
Antonenko, V. V., Mortezaei, R., & Kulikov, N. V. (2000) · Methods and principles in medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1002/9783527613403.ch3 · Cited by 7
Molecular recognition and solid phase organic synthesis: Synthesis of unnatural oligomers, techniques for monitoring reactions, and the analysis of combinatorial libraries
Schneider, S. E., & Anslyn, E. V. (1999) · Advances in supramolecular chemistry · doi:10.1016/s1068-7459(99)80013-7 · Cited by 7
The power of DNA-encoded chemical libraries in the battle against drug-resistant bacteria
Sibai, R. E., Farahat, Z. E. M., Qasem, H. H., & Hassan, H. (2025) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d5ra00016e · Cited by 6
Improvements in micelle promoted DNA-encoded library synthesis by surfactant optimisation
Odger, J. A., Anderson, M. J., Carton, T. P., Nguyen, B. N., Foote, K. M., & Waring, M. J. (2025) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d5ob00864f · Cited by 6
Enabling Open Machine Learning of Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Encoded Library Selections to Accelerate the Discovery of Small Molecule Protein Binders
Wellnitz, J., Ahmad, S., Bagale, N., Cheng, X., Joseph, J., Zeng, H., Bolotokova, A., Dong, A., Reza, S., Ghiabi, P., et al. (2025) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01972 · Cited by 10
“To this end, we obtained cocrystal structures of WDR91 bound to SPR-validated compounds 2 and 4 , identified using the Open ML model, and compound 51 , synthesized off-DNA from the proprietary Pfizer library (Table S4).”
A Novel Small Molecule Allosteric Inhibitor of IL-17A from a DNA-Encoded Library
Milla, M. E., Blevitt, J. M., Goldberg, S. D., Armstrong, A. A., Blain, K. Y., Herman, K. L., Liu, A. X., Luna, R., Milligan, C. M., Patrick, A. N., et al. (2025) · ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00502 · Cited by 6
Barcode-free hit discovery from massive libraries enabled by automated small molecule structure annotation
van der Nol, E., Haupt, N., Gao, Q., Smit, B. A. M., Hoffmann, M., Engler, M. S., Ludwig, M., McKenna, S. M., Mata, J. M., Béquignon, O. J. M., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-65282-1 · Cited by 9
“DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) feature small molecules linked to unique DNA sequences, enabling the exploration of a drug-like chemical space in the af ﬁ nity selection setting 10 – 17 .”
Metal-Free, Photoinduced On-DNA Synthesis of β-Hydroxy Sulfides
Wang, Y., Ma, H., Hu, I., Jin, L. Y., Chen, B., Xue, L., Yang, K., & Hu, Y. J. (2025) · Organic Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.5c04043 · Cited by 6
Biologically Active Natural δ‐Lactones in Medicinal Chemistry: Structures, Bioactivities, and Synthesis
Sung, D., & Lee, J. S. (2026) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.202500773 · Cited by 8
“Beyond conventional analog synthesis, DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology offers a powerful platform to explore δ -lactone chemotypes at scale [279, 280].”
Toward generalizable predictive models for DNA-encoded libraries
Poongavanam, V., Turunen, S. P., Sandberg, K., Yngve, U., & Wannberg, J. (2026) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2026.104629 · Cited by 6
Splint RNA-mediated single-stranded DNA-encoded library construction and label-free live-cell selection
Li, J., Yao, Y., Zhang, S., Wang, W. J., Bi, W., Lv, J., Hou, W., Ma, P., & Xu, H. (2026) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102945 · Cited by 6
On drug discovery against infectious diseases and academic medicinal chemistry contributions
Janin, Y. L. (2022) · Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.141 · Cited by 6
Development of On‐DNA Thiophene Synthesis for DEL Construction
Luo, A., Duchemin, N., Wang, X., Zhou, H., Zeng, F., Zhao, X., Yu, W., Yang, K., & Hu, Y. J. (2023) · Chemistry - An Asian Journal · doi:10.1002/asia.202300458 · Cited by 6
High-yield and high-purity amide bond formation using DMTMM PF6 for DNA-encoded libraries
Hosozawa, T., Niwa, M., Takeuchi, H., Inohana, T., Okumura, K., & Itoh, S. (2024) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129859 · Cited by 6
Exploring Chemical Spaces in the Billion Range: Is Docking a Computational Alternative to DNA-Encoded Libraries?
Mihalovits, L. M., Szalai, T. V., Bajusz, D., & Keserű, G. M. (2024) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00803 · Cited by 6

Authors: Brenner, S., & Lerner, R. A.
Affiliations: Scripps Research Institute (US)
ORCID: Lerner, R A
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 1992-06-15
Volume: 89
Issue: 12
Pages: 5381-5383
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.12.5381
PMC: PMC49295
OpenAlex: W2017423606
Cited by: 1,014
References: 9
Citations by year: 2026: 60 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 8.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Click Chemistry and Applications
Keywords: drug screening, gene tagging, ligand-receptor binding
MeSH terms: Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Molecular Sequence Data, Peptides, Restriction Mapping, Drug Design, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Databases, Factual

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Encoded combinatorial chemistry.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks