Growth factors and vitamin E modify neuronal glutamate toxicity
Open accessAbstract
The sympathetic nerve cell line PC-12 is killed by glutamate in a concentration-dependent manner. Although glycine and the deletion of magnesium weakly potentiate glutamate toxicity and PC-12 cells express N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor mRNA, most toxicity is mediated by means of a mechanism independent of typical N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Glutamate toxicity is, however, greatly enhanced by prior exposure to nerve growth factor or basic fibroblast growth factor. Glutamate killing is blocked by epidermal growth factor and, to a lesser extent, by vitamin E. These observations show that synergistic interactions between growth factors and excitotoxic amino acids may play critical roles in the developing nervous system and that antioxidants attenuate this toxicity.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Cites
Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system
Choi, D. W. (1988) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(88)90162-6 · Cited by 8,152 · see citing works
Greene, L., & Tischler, A. S. (1976) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.73.7.2424 · Cited by 5,594 · see citing works
Glycine potentiates the NMDA response in cultured mouse brain neurons
Johnson, J. W., & Ascher, P. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/325529a0 · Cited by 3,151 · see citing works
Cell death during development of the nervous system
Oppenheim, R. W. (1991) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.14.030191.002321 · Cited by 3,084 · see citing works
Molecular cloning and characterization of the rat NMDA receptor
Moriyoshi, K., Masu, M., Ishii, T., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N., & Nakanishi, S. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/354031a0 · Cited by 1,771 · see citing works
Peptide Growth Factors and Their Receptors
Arai, K., Battey, J. F., Sporn, M. B., & Roberts, A. B. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,225 · see citing works
Murphy, T. H., Miyamoto, M., Sastre, A., Schnaar, R. L., & COYLE, J. T. (1989) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(89)90043-3 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works
Clonal cell lines from the rat central nervous system
Schubert, D. A., Heinemann, S. F., Carlisle, W., Tarikas, H., Kimes, B. W., Patrick, J. W., Steinbach, J. H., Culp, W., & Brandt, B. L. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/249224a0 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Self-citationCalcium regulation of the neuronal growth cone
Kater, S. B., Mattson, M. P., Cohan, C. S., & Connor, J. A. (1988) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(88)90094-x · Cited by 579 · see citing works
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist desegregates eye-specific stripes.
Cline, H. T., Debski, E. A., & Constantine‐Paton, M. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.12.4342 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
ESTABLISHMENT OF FUNCTIONAL CLONAL LINES OF NEURONS FROM MOUSE NEUROBLASTOMA
Augusti-Tocco, G., & SATO, G. H. (1969) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.64.1.311 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Molecular Neurobiology Of Glutamate Receptors
Gasic, G. P., & Hollmann, M. (1992) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.54.030192.002451 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Nerve Growth Factor Gene Expression in the Developing Rat Brain
Large, T. H., Bodary, S. C., Clegg, D., Weskamp, G., Otten, U., & Reichardt, L. F. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3764415 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Mattson, M., Murrain, M., Guthrie, P., & Kater, S. (1989) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.09-11-03728.1989 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Dykens, J. A., Stern, A., & Trenkner, E. (1987) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb10014.x · Cited by 325 · see citing works
In vitro DIFFERENTIATION OF A MOUSE NEUROBLASTOMA
Schubert, D., Humphreys, S., Baroni, C. D., et al. (1969) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.64.1.316 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Self-citationSTEPS IN THE NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION OF HAMSTER EMBRYO CELLS BY POLYOMA VIRUS
Vogt, M., & Dulbecco, R. (1963) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.49.2.171 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
An automated colorimetric microassay for neuronotrophic factors
Manthorpe, M., Fagnani, R., Skaper, S. D., & Varon, S. S. (1986) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0165-3806(86)90208-7 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Schramm, M., Eimerl, S., & Costa, E. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.3.1193 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Zhang, A., Cheng, T. P. ‐., & Altura, B. M. (1992) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0167-4889(92)90024-6 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Applications of quantitative measurements for assessing glutamate neurotoxicity.
Finkbeiner, S. M., & Stevens, C. F. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.11.4071 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Characterization and mechanism of glutamate neurotoxicity in primary striatal cultures
Freese, A. B., DiFiglia, M., Koroshetz, W. J., Beal, M. F., & Martin, J. B. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91550-z · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Schwannoma-derived growth factor promotes the neuronal differentiation and survival of PC12 cells.
Kimura, H., & Schubert, D. A. (1992) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.116.3.777 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationCollaborative interactions between growth factors and the extracellular matrix
Schubert, D. A. (1992) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/0962-8924(92)90057-t · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationProperties of two temperature-sensitive rous sarcoma virus transformed cerebellar cell lines
Giotta, G. J., Heitzmann, J. G., & Cohn, M. (1980) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)90154-7 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Developmental biology of cultured nerve, muscle, and glia
Schubert, D. A. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationGrudt, T. J., & Jahr, C. E. (1990) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)10834-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Possible Role of Carbamates in Neurotoxicity and Neurotransmitter Inactivation
Mroz, E. A. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2564700 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hydrogen peroxide mediates amyloid β protein toxicity
Behl, C. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90131-7 · Cited by 2,074 · see citing works
Ferroptosis: Mechanisms and links with diseases
Yan, H.-F., Zou, T., Tuo, Q.-Z., Xu, S., Li, H., Belaidi, A. A., & Lei, P. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-020-00428-9 · Cited by 1,471 · see citing works
Flavonoids Protect Neuronal Cells from Oxidative Stress by Three Distinct Mechanisms
Ishige, K., Schubert, D., & Sagara, Y. (2001) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00498-6 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
Self-citationFrataxin: its role in iron metabolism and the pathogenesis of Friedreich's ataxia
Becker, E., & Richardson, D. R. (2001) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s1357-2725(00)00067-4 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Brimson, J. M., Prasanth, M. I., Plaingam, W., & Tencomnao, T. (2020) · Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.10.001 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schubert, D., Kimura, H., & Maher, P.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1992-09
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 8264-8267
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC49898
- OpenAlex
- W2013091739
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Keywords
- glutamate excitotoxicity, excitotoxicity, growth factors, vitamin E, PC12 cells, nerve growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, synergistic interaction, antioxidants, neuronal cell death
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Calcium, Cell Division, Cell Survival, Glutamates, Growth Substances, Magnesium, RNA, Messenger, Vitamin E, Gene Expression, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, PC12 Cells, In Vitro Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
