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Coherent 40-Hz oscillation characterizes dream state in humans.
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Magnetic recording from five normal human adults demonstrates large 40-Hz coherent magnetic activity in the awake and in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep states that is very reduced during delta sleep (deep sleep characterized by delta waves in the electroencephalogram). This 40-Hz magnetic oscillation has been shown to be reset by sensory stimuli in the awake state. Such resetting is not observed during REM or delta sleep. The 40 Hz in REM sleep is characterized, as is that in the awake state, by a fronto-occipital phase shift over the head. This phase shift has a maximum duration of approximately 12-13 msec. Because 40-Hz oscillation is seen in wakefulness and in dreaming, we propose it to be a correlate of cognition, probably resultant from coherent 40-Hz resonance between thalamocortical-specific and nonspecific loops. Moreover, we proposed that the specific loops give the content of cognition, and a nonspecific loop gives the temporal binding required for the unity of cognitive experience.
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“REM-locked activation overlaps with brain regions expressing or modulating gamma oscillations (Gross and Gotman, 1999; Jouny et al., 2000); i.e., the thalamocortical sensory system (Llinas and Ribary, 1993), mesopontine tegmentum (Steriade et al., 1991) and basal forebrain (Szymusiak, 1995; Mesulam, 2004; Perry and Perry, 2004).”
From Virtual reality and consciousness inference in dreaming (2014) · cites this paper as Llinas and Ribary, 1993
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Metadata
- Authors
- Llinás, R., & Ribary, U.
- Affiliations
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016.
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- ORCID
- Ribary, U
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1993-03
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2078-2081
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC46024
- OpenAlex
- W1972268296
- Cited by
- 962
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 28.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
- Keywords
- 40 Hz oscillations, REM sleep, delta sleep, dream states, temporal binding, brain coherence
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Dreams, Humans, Magnetics, Sleep, Sleep, REM, Wakefulness
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