Cited by 962Neural dynamics and brain functionSleep and Wakefulness ResearchCreativity in Education and Neuroscience

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Coherent 40-Hz oscillation characterizes dream state in humans.

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Llinás, R, Ribary, U·1993·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.90.5.2078PMC PMC46024

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Abstract

Magnetic recording from five normal human adults demonstrates large 40-Hz coherent magnetic activity in the awake and in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep states that is very reduced during delta sleep (deep sleep characterized by delta waves in the electroencephalogram). This 40-Hz magnetic oscillation has been shown to be reset by sensory stimuli in the awake state. Such resetting is not observed during REM or delta sleep. The 40 Hz in REM sleep is characterized, as is that in the awake state, by a fronto-occipital phase shift over the head. This phase shift has a maximum duration of approximately 12-13 msec. Because 40-Hz oscillation is seen in wakefulness and in dreaming, we propose it to be a correlate of cognition, probably resultant from coherent 40-Hz resonance between thalamocortical-specific and nonspecific loops. Moreover, we proposed that the specific loops give the content of cognition, and a nonspecific loop gives the temporal binding required for the unity of cognitive experience.

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Authors: Llinás, R., & Ribary, U.
Affiliations: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016.
NYU Langone Health (US)
ORCID: Ribary, U
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 1993-03
Volume: 90
Issue: 5
Pages: 2078-2081
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.5.2078
PMC: PMC46024
OpenAlex: W1972268296
Cited by: 962
References: 19
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 28.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
Keywords: 40 Hz oscillations, REM sleep, delta sleep, dream states, temporal binding, brain coherence
MeSH terms: Adult, Brain, Dreams, Humans, Magnetics, Sleep, Sleep, REM, Wakefulness

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Coherent 40-Hz oscillation characterizes dream state in humans.

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