Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 485

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Chronic mitochondrial energy impairment produces selective striatal degeneration and abnormal choreiform movements in primates.

Open access
Brouillet, E, Hantraye, P, Ferrante, R J, Dolan, R, Leroy-Willig, A, Kowall, N W, Beal, M F·1995·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Although the gene defect responsible for Huntington disease (HD) has recently been identified, the pathogenesis of the disease remains obscure. One potential mechanism is that the gene defect may lead to an impairment of energy metabolism followed by slow excitotoxic neuronal injury. In the present study we examined whether chronic administration of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), an irreversible inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, can replicate the neuropathologic and clinical features of HD in nonhuman primates. After 3-6 weeks of 3-NP administration, apomorphine treatment induced a significant increase in motor activity as compared with saline-treated controls. Animals showed both choreiform movements, as well as foot and limb dystonia, which are characteristic of HD. More prolonged 3-NP treatment in two additional primates resulted in spontaneous dystonia and dyskinesia accompanied by lesions in the caudate and putamen seen by magnetic resonance imaging. Histologic evaluation showed that there was a depletion of calbindin neurons, astrogliosis, sparing of NADPH-diaphorase neurons, and growth-related proliferative changes in dendrites of spiny neurons similar to changes in HD. The striosomal organization of the striatum and the nucleus accumbens were spared. These findings show that chronic administration of 3-NP to nonhuman primates can replicate many of the characteristic motor and histologic features of HD, further strengthening the possibility that a subtle impairment of energy metabolism may play a role in its pathogenesis.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.92.15.7105

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 24 references

Cited by

See all 485

Metadata

Authors
Brouillet, E., Hantraye, P., Ferrante, R. J., Dolan, R., Leroy-Willig, A., Kowall, N. W., & Beal, M. F.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
1995-07-18
Volume
92
Issue
15
Pages
7105-7109
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W1978190113
Cited by
485
References
24
FWCI
5.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Chronic mitochondrial energy impairment produces selective striatal degeneration and abnormal choreiform movements in primates. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.92.15.7105
The paper
Brouillet, E., Hantraye, P., Ferrante, R. J., Dolan, R., Leroy-Willig, A., Kowall, N. W., & Beal, M. F. (1995). Chronic mitochondrial energy impairment produces selective striatal degeneration and abnormal choreiform movements in primates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.15.7105

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.