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Fragile X mental retardation protein is translated near synapses in response to neurotransmitter activation
Open accessAbstract
Local translation of proteins in distal dendrites is thought to support synaptic structural plasticity. We have previously shown that metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) stimulation initiates a phosphorylation cascade, triggering rapid association of some mRNAs with translation machinery near synapses, and leading to protein synthesis. To determine the identity of these mRNAs, a cDNA library produced from distal nerve processes was used to screen synaptic polyribosome-associated mRNA. We identified mRNA for the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in these processes by use of synaptic subcellular fractions, termed synaptoneurosomes. We found that this mRNA associates with translational complexes in synaptoneurosomes within 1-2 min after mGluR1 stimulation of this preparation, and we observed increased expression of FMRP after mGluR1 stimulation. In addition, we found that FMRP is associated with polyribosomal complexes in these fractions. In vivo, we observed FMRP immunoreactivity in spines, dendrites, and somata of the developing rat brain, but not in nuclei or axons. We suggest that rapid production of FMRP near synapses in response to activation may be important for normal maturation of synaptic connections.
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“In fact, in both assays there was more FMRP immunoprecipitated from the DHPG-treated WT SNs, which is in agreement with previous reports that DHPG stimulates the dendritic translation of FMRP [22,39].”
From FMRP Mediates mGluR5-Dependent Translation of Amyloid Precursor Protein (2007) · cites this paper as [39]
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Selectively enriched mRNAs in rat synaptoneurosomes
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“Compared to control cells, FLAG-GR80 transfected cells showed a moderate shift of the heavy polysome-associated Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP) protein 63 to the lighter fractions (Fig.”
Fragile X syndrome: An aging perspective
Schneider, A., Ligsay, A., & Hagerman, R. J. (2013) · Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/ddrr.1129 · Cited by 23
“AGE-RELATED PHENOTYPES FMRP is most commonly expressed in neurons, particularly in high levels at the dendritic spines, cytoplasm, and ribosomes bound to the endoplasmic reticulum [Eberhart et al., 1996; Willemsen et al., 1996; Weiler et al., 1997; Bassell and Warren, 2008].”
BackgroundThe X chromosome and fragile X mental retardation
Oostra, B. A., & Willemsen, R. (2002) · Cytogenetic and Genome Research · doi:10.1159/000071602 · Cited by 24
“In response to synaptic activity, the associated mRNAs become translationally active (Weiler et al., 1997).”
BackgroundRett Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome: Different Etiology With Common Molecular Dysfunctions
Bach, S., Shovlin, S., Moriarty, M. J., Bardoni, B., & Tropea, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.764761 · Cited by 25
STDP and mental retardation: dysregulation of dendritic excitability in Fragile X syndrome
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“Fragile X syndrome, resulting from mutations in the Fmr1 gene on the X chromosome (Jin and Warren, 2000), is accompanied by significantly reduced or absent levels of FMRP which plays a key role in regulation of mRNA translation at or near dendritic spines (Weiler et al., 1997; Zalfa et al., 2003).”
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Animal Model for Fragile X Syndrome
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Positive feedback regulation of Akt‐FMRP pathway protects neurons from cell death
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Is fragile X mental retardation protein involved in activity-induced plasticity of dendritic spines?
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Comprehensive motor testing in Fmr1-KO mice exposes temporal defects in oromotor coordination.
Roy, S., Zhao, Y., Allensworth, M. L., Farook, M. F., LeDoux, M. S., Reiter, L. T., & Heck, D. H. (2011) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0025920 · Cited by 22
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Ca2+‐Dependent Hyperpolarization Pathways in Sleep Homeostasis and Mental Disorders
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The relationship between dendritic branch dynamics and CPEB-labeled RNP granules captured in vivo
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Single neurons as experimental systems in molecular biology
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“Many procedures have been developed in order to study localized protein synthesis in neurons (Rao and Steward, 1991; Feig and Lipton, 1993; Weiler and Greenough, 1993; Mayford et al., 1996; Weiler et al., 1997; Wu et al., 1998; Ouyang et al., 1999).”
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Modeling brain dynamics using computational neurogenetic approach
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Increasing our understanding of human cognition through the study of fragile X syndrome
Cook, D., Nuro, E., & Murai, K. K. (2013) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.22096 · Cited by 22
“An Developmental Neurobiology activity-dependent function for FMRP is supported by studies which demonstrate an increase in FMRP in response to experience, environmental enrichment or whisker stimulation (Weiler et al., 1997; Todd and Mack, 2000; Gabel et al., 2004; Irwin et al., 2000b, 2005).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMechanisms of translational control in dendrites
Glanzer, J. G. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2003.04.006 · Cited by 20
“FMRP translation can occur in the dendrite [56,57].”
BackgroundLost Once, the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein is Now Back onto Brain Polyribosomes
Davidovic, L., Huot, M., & Khandjian, É. W. (2005) · RNA Biology · doi:10.4161/rna.2.1.1368 · Cited by 20
Fragile X Syndrome: An Update on Developing Treatment Modalities
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Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) Motor Dysfunction Modeled in Mice
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“The fragile X gene (FMR1) is located on the X chromosome and codes for the fragile Xmental retardation protein (FMRP), which is critical for proper neuronal development and synaptic plasticity [1, 2].”
BackgroundCastrén, M. L., Haapasalo, A., Oostra, B. A., & Ċastrén, E. (2001) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1023/a:1007117211490 · Cited by 18
“(Weiler and Greenough, 1999; Weiler et al., 1997) have detected FMR1 mRNA in synaptoneurosome preparations and have shown that synthesis of FMRP at synaptic sites is increased by synaptic activity.”
BackgroundWinograd, C., Clayton, D. F., & Ceman, S. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.09.005 · Cited by 18
Fragile X syndrome and epilepsy
Qiu, L.-F., Hao, Y.-H., Li, Q., & Xiong, Z. (2008) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-008-1221-0 · Cited by 18
“[34] Weiler IJ, Irwin SA, Klintsova AY, Spencer CM, Brazelton AD, Miyashiro K, et al.”
BackgroundMetabotropic Glutamate Receptors and Epileptogenesis
Wong, R. K. S., Chuang, S.-C., & Bianchi, R. (2002) · Epiliepsy currents/Epilepsy currents · doi:10.1046/j.1535-7597.2002.00031.x · Cited by 18
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Hardiman, R. L., & Bratt, A. M. (2016) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.030 · Cited by 17
FMRP ribonucleoprotein complexes and RNA homeostasis
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Lyons, J. I., Kerr, G. R., & Mueller, P. W. (2015) · Journal of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.04.006 · Cited by 17
“Gross deletions and insertions or duplications account for 38 of the 65 currently known mutations in FMR1 (Human Gene Mutation Database Professional 2014.3, available at http://www.hgmd.cf.ac.uk/ac/index.php, last accessed November 17, 2014).”
InfluentialSynaptogenesis and heritable aspects of executive attention
Fossella, J., Sommer, T., Fan, J., Pfaff, D. W., & Posner, M. I. (2003) · Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/mrdd.10078 · Cited by 17
“This protein is locally translated in synaptic spines in response to neuronal stimulation [Weiler et al., 1997].”
BackgroundGenetic Factors Contributing to Learning and Language Delays and Disabilities
Plomin, R. J. (2001) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30057-9 · Cited by 17
Fragile X mental retardation protein in plasticity and disease
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“Importantly, the protein is found at the bases of dendrites and within dendritic spines and has been reported for mature presynaptic boutons in the brain (Feng et al., 1997a; Weiler et al., 1997).”
BackgroundInfluentialTranslational endpoints in fragile X syndrome
de Esch, C. E. F., Zeidler, S., & Willemsen, R. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.10.012 · Cited by 16
Meeting at the crossroads: common mechanisms in Fragile X and Down syndrome
Chang, K. T., Ro, H., Wang, W., & Min, K. (2013) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2013.08.007 · Cited by 17
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Signals from the X: signal transduction and X‐linked mental retardation
Barnes, A. P., & Milgram, S. L. (2002) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0736-5748(02)00016-3 · Cited by 15
“Protein synthesis can occur in isolated dendrites following either neurotransmitter or growth factor stimulation (Crino and Eberwine, 1996; Kang and Schuman, 1996); and one of these locally translated messages is FMRP (Weiler et al., 1997).”
BackgroundNeurodevelopment and early pharmacological interventions in Fragile X Syndrome
Milla, L. A., López‐Corral, L., Rivera, J., Zúñiga, N., Pino, G., Nunez-Parra, A., & Rio, C. A. C.-D. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1213410 · Cited by 15
“Synaptic activation regulates FMRP expression via mGluRs (Weiler et al., 1997) that rely on intracellular pathways associated with mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling (Nosyreva and Huber, 2006; Sharma et al.”
BackgroundSmith, R., Rathod, R. J., Rajkumar, S., & Kennedy, D. D. (2014) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-014-1660-x · Cited by 15
hnRNP Q Regulates Internal Ribosome Entry Site-Mediated fmr1 Translation in Neurons
Choi, J., Kim, S., Jeong, Y.-H., Kim, S. W., Min, K., & Kim, K. (2018) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00371-18 · Cited by 14
“controlling synaptic functions or structure are abnormally translated (2, 11, 12).”
BackgroundDo group I metabotropic glutamate receptors mediate LTD?
Jones, O. D. (2016) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.08.010 · Cited by 16
Kindler, S., & Monshausen, M. (2002) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1385/mn:25:2:149 · Cited by 15
“Moreover, FMRP co-fractionates with synaptosomal ribosomes (67) and stimulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors increases FMRP translation in rat synaptoneurosomes ( 68 ).”
BackgroundRole of metabotropic glutamate receptors in CNS disorders
O’Connor, R. M., & Cryan, J. F. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511760334.017 · Cited by 15
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The Ins and Outs of miRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing during Neuronal Synaptic Plasticity
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“This includes transcripts for proteins extensively characterized to be involved in synaptic plasticity, for example, fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), AMPAR subunits GluR1/2, CaMKIIα, and LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1) [38–41].”
BackgroundDobson, T., Kube, E., Timmerman, S. L., & Krushel, L. A. (2008) · BMC Molecular Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2199-9-89 · Cited by 14
“FMRP is synthesized in response to neural activity [ 2 ,37] and in particular, a brief exposure to KCl stimulates FMR1 synthesis in neuronal dendrites [49].”
InfluentialOxidative stress reveals heterogeneity of FMRP granules in PC12 cell neurites
Dolzhanskaya, N., Merz, G., & Denman, R. B. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.07.026 · Cited by 14
Phenotypic changes in calbindin D28K immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of Fmr1 knockout mice
Real, M., Simón, M., Heredia, R., de Diego, Y. D., & Guirado, S. (2011) · The Journal of comparative neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.22643 · Cited by 15
“…online April 13, 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary. com) 2622 The Journal of Comparative Neurology | Research in Systems Neuroscience 519:2622–2636 (2011) maturation and synaptic plasticity (Comery et al., 1997; Weiler et al., 1997; Weiler and Greenough, 1999; Irwin et al., 2000).”
BackgroundVillanueva, S., & Steward, O. (2001) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00132-2 · Cited by 14
Fragile X syndrome: (What's) lost in translation?
Miyashiro, K., & Eberwine, J. H. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0408034101 · Cited by 14
Zhao, W., Chuang, S.-C., Young, S. R., Bianchi, R., & Wong, R. K. S. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1944-14.2015 · Cited by 13
“Stimulation of group I mGluRs elicits rapid translation of its target mRNAs including FMRP mRNA (Weiler et al., 1997).”
BackgroundOmics approaches for subcellular translation studies
Koppel, I., & Fainzilber, M. (2018) · Molecular Omics · doi:10.1039/c8mo00172c · Cited by 12
Block, S. S., Brusca-Vega, R., Pizzi, W. J., Berry‐Kravis, E., Maino, D. M., & Treitman, T. M. (2000) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1002/j.1538-9235.2000.tb01183.x · Cited by 13
Axonal and presynaptic FMRP: Localization, signal, and functional implications
Wang, X., Sela‐Donenfeld, D., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2023.108720 · Cited by 13
Fok, A. H. K., Huang, Y., So, B. W. L., Zheng, Q., Tse, C. S. C., Li, X., Wong, K. K. Y., Huang, J., Lai, K., & Lai, C. S. W. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113906 · Cited by 13
Marco, B. D., Dell’Albani, P., D’Antoni, S., Spatuzza, M., Bonaccorso, C. M., Musumeci, S. A., Drago, F., Bardoni, B., & Catania, M. V. (2021) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105338 · Cited by 12
NMDA Receptors and Translational Control
Hoeffer, C. A., & Klann, E. (2009) · Frontiers in neuroscience · doi:10.1201/9781420044157.ch6 · Cited by 12
Pharmacological reactivation of inactive genes: the fragile X experience
Chiurazzi, P., & Neri, G. (2001) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00571-8 · Cited by 12
In search of molecular memory: experience-driven protein synthesis
Wells, D. G., & Fallon, J. R. (2000) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/pl00000618 · Cited by 12
Translational regulation of neuronal electrical properties
Weston, A. J., & Baines, R. (2007) · Invertebrate Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s10158-006-0037-8 · Cited by 12
“Questions remain concerning the mode of FMRP’s translational regulation within the mRNP complex (Hieronymus and Silver 2004) in light of results showing elevation of synaptic FMRP following mGluR glutamate receptor activation ( Weiler et al. 1997 ).”
BackgroundLe syndrome de l’X fragile : une protéine absente et 1001 ARNm déboussolés
Davidovic, L., Tremblay, S., Gravel, M., Koninck, P. D., & Khandjian, E. W. (2006) · médecine/sciences · doi:10.1051/medsci/200622141 · Cited by 11
“Peu après la découverte de l’association de FMRP avec l’appareil de traduction [24], Weiler et ses collaborateurs [25] ont observé qu’en réponse à la stimulation des récepteurs métabotropiques au glutamate, l’ARNm de Fmr1 est rapidement recruté sur les polyribosomes pour y être traduit localement dans la synapse.”
BackgroundFarzin, F., & Koldewyn, K. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4788-7_8 · Cited by 13
The development of cortical columns: role of Fragile X mental retardation protein
Bureau, I. (2009) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.167155 · Cited by 11
Dendrites as separate compartment – local protein synthesis [Review]
Skup, M. (2008) · Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis · doi:10.55782/ane-2008-1697 · Cited by 11
“is a mutation in fmr1 gene, encoding FMRP, which leads to loss of FMRP mRNA binding ability; it may result in mental retardation known as fragile X syndrome (Jin and Warren 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialD’Antoni, S., Spatuzza, M., Bonaccorso, C. M., & Catania, M. V. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105731 · Cited by 11
“…brain highlighted a major expression of this protein in neurons, while the expression of FMRP in non-neuronal cells was found negligible in both humans (Devys et al., 1993; Tamanini et al., 1997; Agulhon et al., 1999) and rodents (Feng et al., 1997b; Weiler et al., 1997; Bakker et al., 2000).”
Giona, F., Beretta, S., Zippo, A. G., Stefanoni, A., Tomasoni, Z., Vicidomini, C., Ponzoni, L., Sala, M., Jones, C. K., Conn, P. J., et al. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-02947-9 · Cited by 12
“…synthesis, and it has been extensively demonstrated that activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu1 and mGlu5) affects gene expression and mRNA translation [29, 30]; moreover, we have previously demonstrated that Shank3 deletion impaired mGlu5 intracellular signaling [9, 31].”
Perceptual Learning in Williams Syndrome: Looking Beyond Averages
Gerván, P., Gombos, F., & Kovács, I. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040282 · Cited by 10
The mGluR Theory of Fragile X: From Mice to Men
Stoppel, L. J., Osterweil, E. K., & Bear, M. F. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804461-2.00009-3 · Cited by 9
Wołczyk, M., Serwa, R. A., Kominek, A., Klejman, A., Miłek, J., Chwałek, M., Turos-Korgul, L., Charzyńska, A., Dąbrowski, M., Dziembowska, M., et al. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106543 · Cited by 8
Translation of an integral membrane protein in distal dendrites of hippocampal neurons
Grigston, J. C., VanDongen, H. M. A., McNamara, J. O., & VanDongen, A. M. J. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03999.x · Cited by 10
“…of dendritic translation in the maintenance of synaptic potentiation is provided by findings that localized protein synthesis can be activated in dendrites by protocols shown to induce lasting plasticity (Kang & Schuman, 1996; Weiler et al., 1997; Ouyang et al., 1999; Scheetz et al., 2000).”
BackgroundFragile X syndrome: Current insight
Dean, D. D., Muthuswamy, S., & Agarwal, S. (2016) · Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.01.005 · Cited by 11
“upon stimulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor by glutamate [61,62].”
BackgroundGroup I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGlu1 and mGlu5)
Saugstad, J. A., & Ingram, S. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-055-3_10 · Cited by 10
“The rapid priming effect (<20 min) is consistent with a mechanism involving mGlu stimulation of translation in the dendrites, a mechanism that is further supported by the fact that mGlu receptor agonists stimulate protein synthesis in synaptoneurosomes (285).”
Budimirovic, D. B., & Duy, P. Q. (2015) · Engrami · doi:10.5937/engrami1504005b · Cited by 9
Yang, Y., Zhao, J., Li, Y., Li, X., Chen, X., & Feng, Z. (2021) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15485 · Cited by 9
RNA Transport and Local Protein Synthesis in the Dendritic Compartment
Gardiol, A., Racca, C., & Triller, A. (2001) · Results and problems in cell differentiation · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-40025-7_7 · Cited by 9
Drosophila melanogaster as a Model to Study Fragile X-Associated Disorders
Trajković, J. Z., Makević, V., Pešić, M., Pavković‐Lučić, S., Milojević, S., Cvjetković, S., Hagerman, R. J., Budimirovic, D. B., & Protic, D. D. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes14010087 · Cited by 8
Neuropsychological and ASD phenotypes in rare genetic syndromes: A critical review of the literature
Bush, L., & Scott, M. (2021) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2021.1980111 · Cited by 9
“FMRP is essential to synaptic maturation in the developing brain (Weiler et al., 1997).”
BackgroundProgress toward therapeutic potential for AFQ056 in Fragile X syndrome
Doering, L. C., Sourial, M. M., & Cheng, C. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Pharmacology · doi:10.2147/jep.s27044 · Cited by 8
“activation of mGluRs stimulates the rapid translation of pre-existing mRNAs and promotes synthesis of FMRP in synaptoneurosomes.(55,56) Since this finding, a growing number of studies have been carried out to support the role of group 1 mGluRs in the pathophysiology of FXS.”
Backgroundde Solis, C. A., Morales, A. A., Hosek, M. P., Partin, A., & Ploski, J. E. (2017) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00314 · Cited by 7
“…these mRNAs can be locally translated in a spatially and temporally restricted manner following synaptic activity, leading to synapse specific modifications (Crino and Eberwine, 1996; Tiedge and Brosius, 1996; Weiler et al., 1997; Steward et al., 1998; Huber et al., 2000; Kacharmina et al., 2000).”
BackgroundCrans, R. A. J., Daelemans, S., Raedt, R., Ciruela, F., & Stove, C. P. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146640 · Cited by 8
Comprehensive Genome-Wide Approaches to Activity-Dependent Translational Control in Neurons
Choe, H. K., & Cho, J. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21051592 · Cited by 11
“It is noteworthy that the translation of FMRP itself is controlled by neuronal activation [70], possibly forming a translational positive feedback circuit.”
BackgroundVeloz, M. F. V., Buijsen, R. A. M., Willemsen, R., Cupido, A., Bosman, L. W. J., Koekkoek, S. K. E., Potters, J.-W., Oostra, B. A., & Zeeuw, C. I. D. (2012) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00763.x · Cited by 8
Subcellular localization of mRNA in neuronal cells
Martone, M. E., Pollock, J. A., & Ellisman, M. H. (1998) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/bf02741301 · Cited by 8
The Genetic Basis of Rett Syndrome: Candidate Gene Considerations
Percy, A. K., Schanen, C., & Dure, L. S. (1998) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism · doi:10.1006/mgme.1998.2688 · Cited by 8
FMR1 mutant marmosets show fragile X syndrome phenotypes
Harbers, M., Wei, Z., Nakao, H., Abe, Y., Goto, M., Tamano, M., Sakai, Y., Shimizu, K., Nakao, K., Sugaya, Y., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116208 · Cited by 9
Reduced activity-dependent protein levels in a mouse model of the fragile X premutation
von Leden, R. E., Curley, L. C., Greenberg, G. D., Hunsaker, M. R., Willemsen, R., & Berman, R. F. (2014) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2014.01.011 · Cited by 7
“…in the Fmrp/Actin ratio in Western blot analysis of the hippocampus and visual cortex of rats after exposure to a complex environment, suggesting that levels of Fmrp can be altered by increased neuronal activity and activity-dependent plasticity (Irwin et al., 2000, 2005; Weiler et al., 1997).”
InfluentialProtic, D. D., Breeze, E., Mendoza‐Morales, G., Zafarullah, M., Abbeduto, L., Hagerman, R. J., Coffey, C. S., Cudkowicz, M., Durbin-Johnson, B. P., Ashwood, P., et al. (2024) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/20503121241282401 · Cited by 7
“13,14 As a result of this process, the AMPA ( α -amino-3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptors become internalized.”
BackgroundYu, X.-Y., & Wang, Y. (2022) · The Journal of comparative neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.25406 · Cited by 6
“A welldocumented function of FMRP is its activity-dependent phosphorylation, which triggers mRNA release for protein translation (Bartley et al., 2016; Ceman et al., 2003; Narayanan et al., 2007; Weiler et al., 1997).”
BackgroundFatemi, S. H., Folsom, T. D., & THURAS, P. D. (2017) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000000880 · Cited by 7
Min, R., Chen, Z., Wang, Y., Deng, Z., Zhang, Y., & Deng, Y. (2021) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104144 · Cited by 7
Yu, X.-Y., Wang, X.-Y., Sakano, H., Zorio, D., & Wang, Y. (2020) · The Journal of comparative neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.24959 · Cited by 7
“Previous studies have showed that sensory stimulation leads to increased FMRP levels in cortical neurons within minutes to hours (Gabel et al., 2004; Todd & Mack, 2000; Weiler et al., 1997).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Weiler, I. J., Irwin, S. A., Klintsova, A. Y., Spencer, C. M., Brazelton, A. D., Miyashiro, K., Comery, T. A., Patel, B., Eberwine, J., & Greenough, W. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1997-05-13
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 5395-5400
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC24689
- OpenAlex
- W2002760096
- Cited by
- 644
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 12.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- FRAXA Research Foundation (MH35321)
- John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service
- National Institute on Aging (AG10154, R01AG010154)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-35321, R01MH035321, R37MH035321)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 04050, P41RR004050)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- FMRP, local protein synthesis, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1, polysomes, synaptoneurosomes, dendritic mRNA, synapse maturation, synaptic plasticity, dendritic translation
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antibodies, Brain, Dendrites, Glycine, Humans, Kinetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurons, Organ Specificity, Polyribosomes, Resorcinols, RNA, Messenger, Synapses, Protein Biosynthesis, Oligonucleotide Probes, Gene Library, Antisense Elements (Genetics), RNA-Binding Proteins, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, DNA, Complementary, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Neurotransmitter Agents, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Rats, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1
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