Cited by 644Genetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchRNA and protein synthesis mechanisms

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Fragile X mental retardation protein is translated near synapses in response to neurotransmitter activation

Open access

Weiler, Ivan Jeanne, Irwin, Scott A., Klintsova, Anna Y., Spencer, Corinne M., Brazelton, Anthony D., Miyashiro, Kevin, Comery, Thomas A., Patel, Bindu, Eberwine, James, Greenough, William T.·1997·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.94.10.5395PMC PMC24689

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Local translation of proteins in distal dendrites is thought to support synaptic structural plasticity. We have previously shown that metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) stimulation initiates a phosphorylation cascade, triggering rapid association of some mRNAs with translation machinery near synapses, and leading to protein synthesis. To determine the identity of these mRNAs, a cDNA library produced from distal nerve processes was used to screen synaptic polyribosome-associated mRNA. We identified mRNA for the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in these processes by use of synaptic subcellular fractions, termed synaptoneurosomes. We found that this mRNA associates with translational complexes in synaptoneurosomes within 1-2 min after mGluR1 stimulation of this preparation, and we observed increased expression of FMRP after mGluR1 stimulation. In addition, we found that FMRP is associated with polyribosomal complexes in these fractions. In vivo, we observed FMRP immunoreactivity in spines, dendrites, and somata of the developing rat brain, but not in nuclei or axons. We suggest that rapid production of FMRP near synapses in response to activation may be important for normal maturation of synaptic connections.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.94.10.5395

Cites

58 of 58 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Identification of a gene (FMR-1) containing a CGG repeat coincident with a breakpoint cluster region exhibiting length variation in fragile X syndrome
Verkerk, A. J. M. H., Pieretti, M., Sutcliffe, J. S., Fu, Y.-H., Kuhl, D. P. A., Pizzuti, A., Reiner, O., Richards, S., Victoria, M. F., Zhang, F., et al. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-h · Cited by 3,481
Variation of the CGG repeat at the fragile X site results in genetic instability: Resolution of the Sherman paradox
Fu, Y.-H., Kuhl, D. P. A., Pizzuti, A., Pieretti, M., Sutcliffe, J. S., Richards, S., Verkert, A. J. M. H., Holden, J. J. A., Fenwick, R. G., Warren, S. T., et al. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90283-5 · Cited by 2,080
Metaplasticity: the plasticity of synaptic plasticity
Abraham, W. C., & Bear, M. F. (1996) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(96)80018-x · Cited by 1,833
Instability of a 550-Base Pair DNA Segment and Abnormal Methylation in Fragile X Syndrome
Oberlé, I., Rousseau, F., Heitz, D., Kretz, C., Devys, D., Hanauer, A., Boué, J., Bertheas, M. F., & Mandel, J. L. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.252.5009.1097 · Cited by 1,499
Cytoplasmic dot hybridization. Simple analysis of relative mRNA levels in multiple small cell or tissue samples.
White, B. A., & Bancroft, F. C. (1982) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34158-9 · Cited by 1,310
The development of ocular dominance columns in normal and visually deprived monkeys
Le Vay, S., Wiesel, T. N., & Hubel, D. H. (1980) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901910102 · Cited by 1,123
Abnormal dendritic spines in fragile X knockout mice: Maturation and pruning deficits
Comery, T. A., Harris, J. B., Willems, P. J., Oostra, B. A., Irwin, S. A., Weiler, I. J., & Greenough, W. T. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.10.5401 · Cited by 1,046
Self-citation
Fragile X Genotype Characterized by an Unstable Region of DNA
Yu, S., Pritchard, M. A., Kremer, E. J., Lynch, M., Nancarrow, J. K., Baker, E. G., Holman, K., Mulley, J. C., Warren, S. T., Schlessinger, D., et al. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.252.5009.1179 · Cited by 793
The FMR–1 protein is cytoplasmic, most abundant in neurons and appears normal in carriers of a fragile X premutation
Devys, D., Lutz, Y., Rouyer, N., Bellocq, J., & Mandel, J. (1993) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0893-335 · Cited by 781
Preferential localization of polyribosomes under the base of dendritic spines in granule cells of the dentate gyrus
Steward, O., & Levy, W. (1982) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.02-03-00284.1982 · Cited by 676
A point mutation in the FMR-1 gene associated with fragile X mental retardation
Boulle, K. D., Verkerk, A. J. M. H., Reyniers, E., Vits, L., Hendrickx, J., Roy, B. V., Bos, F. V. D., de Graaff, E., Oostra, B. A., & Willems, P. J. (1993) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0193-31 · Cited by 624
On the lability of poly(A) sequences during extraction of messenger RNA from polyribosomes
Perry, R. P., TORRE, J. L. L., Kelley, D. E., & Greenberg, J. R. (1972) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis · doi:10.1016/0005-2787(72)90236-5 · Cited by 561
The intracellular localization of messenger RNAs
Johnston, D. S. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90324-0 · Cited by 540
Analysis of neocortex in three males with the Fragile X syndrome
Hinton, V. J., Brown, W. T., Wisniewski, K., & Rudelli, R. D. (1991) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320410306 · Cited by 527
Ultrastructural localization of D2 receptor-like immunoreactivity in midbrain dopamine neurons and their striatal targets
Sesack, Sr., Aoki, C., & Pickel, V. (1994) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-01-00088.1994 · Cited by 461
Essential role for KH domains in RNA binding: Impaired RNA binding by a mutation in the KH domain of FMR1 that causes fragile X syndrome
Siomi, H., Choi, M., Siomi, M. C., Nussbaum, R. L., & Dreyfuss, G. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90232-1 · Cited by 446
Biochemical characterization of a filtered synaptoneurosome preparation from guinea pig cerebral cortex: cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate- generating systems, receptors, and enzymes
Hollingsworth, E. B., McNeal, E., Burton, J. L., Williams, R., Daly, J. W., & Creveling, C. R. (1985) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.05-08-02240.1985 · Cited by 408
Tissue specific expression of FMR-1 provides evidence for a functional role in fragile X syndrome
Hinds, H. L., Ashley, C. T., Sutcliffe, J. S., Nelson, D. L., Warren, S. T., Housman, D. E., & Schalling, M. (1993) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0193-36 · Cited by 396
The fragile X mental retardation protein is a ribonucleoprotein containing both nuclear localization and nuclear export signals
Eberhart, D. (1996) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/5.8.1083 · Cited by 390
Adult fragile X syndrome: Clinico-neuropathologic findings
Rudelli, R. D., Brown, W. T., Wisniewski, K., Jenkins, E. C., Laure-Kamionowska, M., Connell, F., & Wisniewski, H. M. (1985) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00687814 · Cited by 362
Characterization and localization of the FMR-1 gene product associated with fragile X syndrome
Verheij, C., Bakker, C. E., de Graaff, E., Keulemans, J., Willemsen, R., Verkerk, A. J. M. H., Galjaard, H., Reuser, A. J. J., Hoogeveen, A. T., & Oostra, B. A. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/363722a0 · Cited by 343
The 3′-untranslated region of CaMKIIα is a cis-acting signal for the localization and translation of mRNA in dendrites
Mayford, M. R., Baranes, D., Podsypanina, K., & Kandel, E. R. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.23.13250 · Cited by 329
Quantification of immunogold labelling reveals enrichment of glutamate in mossy and parallel fibre terminals in cat cerebellum
Somogyi, P., Halasy, K., Somogyi, J., Storm‐Mathisen, J., & Ottersen, O. P. (1986) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(86)90121-1 · Cited by 329
Nucleus basalis magnocellularis and hippocampus are the major sites of FMR-1 expression in the human fetal brain
Abitbol, M. M., Ménini, C., Delezoide, A., Rhyner, T. A., Vekemans, M. J. J., & Mallet, J. J. (1993) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0693-147 · Cited by 284
Three-Dimensional Structure and Stability of the KH Domain: Molecular Insights into the Fragile X Syndrome
Musco, G., Stier, G., Joseph, C., Morelli, M. A. C., Nilges, M., Gibson, T. J., & Pastore, A. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81100-9 · Cited by 283
Human and murine FMR-1: alternative splicing and translational initiation downstream of the CGG–repeat
Ashley, C. T., Sutcliffe, J. S., Kunst, C. B., Leiner, H. A., Eichler, E. E., Nelson, D. L., & Warren, S. T. (1993) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0793-244 · Cited by 269
On the nature and differential distribution of mRNAs in hippocampal neurites: implications for neuronal functioning.
Miyashiro, K., Dichter, M. A., & Eberwine, J. H. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.23.10800 · Cited by 262
Metabotropic glutamate receptors trigger postsynaptic protein synthesis.
Weiler, I., & Greenough, W. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.15.7168 · Cited by 260
Molecular Characterization of the Dendritic Growth Cone: Regulated mRNA Transport and Local Protein Synthesis
Crino, P. B., & Eberwine, J. H. (1996) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80248-2 · Cited by 257
The fragile X mental retardation protein is associated with ribosomes
Khandjian, E. W., Corbin, F., Woerly, S., & Rousseau, F. (1996) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0196-91 · Cited by 251
FXR1, an autosomal homolog of the fragile X mental retardation gene.
Siomi, M. C., Siomi, H., Sauer, W. H., Srinivasan, S., Nussbaum, R. L., & Dreyfuss, G. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07237.x · Cited by 241
Getting the message from the gene to the synapse: sorting and intracellular transport of RNA in neurons
Steward, O., & Banker, G. A. (1992) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(92)90170-d · Cited by 236
Translational Machinery in Dendrites of Hippocampal Neurons in Culture
Tiedge, H., & Brosius, J. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-22-07171.1996 · Cited by 205
Advances in Molecular Analysis of Fragile X Syndrome
Warren, S. T. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510310066040 · Cited by 204
Demonstration of local protein synthesis within dendrites using a new cell culture system that permits the isolation of living axons and dendrites from their cell bodies
Torre, E. R., & Steward, O. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-03-00762.1992 · Cited by 204
Alternative Splicing of Exon 14 Determines Nuclear or Cytoplasmic Localisation of FMR1 Protein Isoforms
Sittler, A., Devys, D., Weber, C., & Mandel, J.-L. (1996) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/5.1.95 · Cited by 198
Evidence that protein constituents of postsynaptic membrane specializations are locally synthesized: analysis of proteins synthesized within synaptosomes
Rao, A., & Steward, O. (1991) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-09-02881.1991 · Cited by 192
Normal phenotype in two brothers with a full FMR1 mutation
Smeets, H. J. M., Smits, A. P. T., Verheij, C. E., Theelen, J. P. G., Willemsen, R., Burgt, I. V. D., Hoogeveen, A. T., Oosterwijk, J. C., & Oostra, B. A. (1995) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/4.11.2103 · Cited by 179
Protein-synthetic machinery at postsynaptic sites during synaptogenesis: a quantitative study of the association between polyribosomes and developing synapses
Steward, O., & Falk, P. (1986) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.06-02-00412.1986 · Cited by 173
Inheritance of the fragile X syndrome: size of the fragile X premutation is a major determinant of the transition to full mutation.
Heitz, D., Devys, D., Imbert, G., Kretz, C., & Mandel, J. (1992) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.29.11.794 · Cited by 169
Stimulus-induced coordinate changes in mRNA abundance in single postsynaptic hippocampal CA1 neurons.
Mackler, S., Brooks, B., & Eberwine, J. (1992) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(92)90191-f · Cited by 161
Pairing the cholinergic agonist carbachol with patterned Schaffer collateral stimulation initiates protein synthesis in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites via a muscarinic, NMDA-dependent mechanism
Feig, S. L., & Lipton, P. (1993) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-03-01010.1993 · Cited by 145
FMRP is associated to the ribosomes via RNA
Tamanini, F. (1996) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/5.6.809 · Cited by 143
A nuclear role for the Fragile X mental retardation protein.
Fridell, R. A., Benson, R. E., Hua, J., Bogerd, H. P., & Cullen, B. R. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00924.x · Cited by 131
Changes in protein synthesis accompanying long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus in vivo
Fazeli, M., Corbet, J., Dunn, M., DOLPHIN, A. C., & Bliss, T. (1993) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-04-01346.1993 · Cited by 117
Morphogenesis in memory formation: synaptic and cellular mechanisms
Weiler, I. J., Hawrylak, N., & Greenough, W. T. (1995) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(94)00116-w · Cited by 110
Effects of monocular visual deprivation on geniculocortical innervation of area 18 in cat
Friedlander, M. J., Martin, K. A. C., & Wassenhove-McCarthy, D. J. (1991) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-10-03268.1991 · Cited by 102
Fragile X Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment and Research
Turner, G. (1997) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.34.5.439 · Cited by 99
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with C5a or lipopolysaccharide to synthesize equivalent levels of IL-1 beta mRNA show unequal IL-1 beta protein accumulation but similar polyribosome profiles.
Kaspar, R. L., & Gehrke, L. (1994) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.153.1.277 · Cited by 76
Effects of monocular deprivation on geniculocortical synapses in the cat
Tieman, S. B. (1984) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902220203 · Cited by 76
The FRAXE Syndrome: is it time for routine screening?
Brown, W. T. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 63
Differential mRNA Transport and the Regulation of Protein Synthesis: Selective Sensitivity of Purkinje Cell Dendritic mRNAs to Translational Inhibition
Bian, F., Chu, T., Schilling, K., & Oberdick, J. (1996) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1006/mcne.1996.0009 · Cited by 62
Potassium ion stimulation triggers protein translation in synaptoneurosomal polyribosomes
Weiler, I. J., & Greenough, W. T. (1991) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/1044-7431(91)90060-2 · Cited by 58
Ultrastructural Localization of Dendritic Messenger RNA in Adult Rat Hippocampus
Martone, M. E., Pollock, J. A., Jones, Y., & Ellisman, M. H. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-23-07437.1996 · Cited by 52
(1S,3R)‐1‐Aminocyclopentane‐1,3‐Dicarboxylic Acid‐Induced Increases in Cyclic AMP Formation in the Neonatal Rat Hippocampus Are Mediated by a Synergistic Interaction Between Phosphoinositide‐ and Inhibitory Cyclic AMP‐Coupled mGluRs
Schoepp, D. D., Johnson, B. G., & Monn, J. A. (1996) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66051981.x · Cited by 46
STIMULATED INCORPORATION OF AMINO ACIDS INTO PROTEINS OF SYNAPTOSOMAL FRACTIONS INDUCED BY DEPOLARIZING TREATMENTS
Wedege, E., Luqmani, Y. A., & Bradford, H. F. (1977) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10702.x · Cited by 43
Characterization of genes which are deactivated upon the onset of development in Dictyostelium discoideum
Singleton, C. K., Delude, R. L., & McPherson, C. E. (1987) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/0012-1606(87)90047-9 · Cited by 42
Calcium Ion Impedes Translation Initiation at the Synapse
Weiler, I. J., Childers, W. S., & Greenough, W. T. (1996) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66010197.x · Cited by 16

Research works printed but not linked: 1

W T Brown Am J Hum Genet 58, 903–905 (1996).

Sorted by citations

DNA methylation and its basic function
Moore, L. D., Le, T., & Fan, G. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.112 · Cited by 4,906
“Translation of the FMR1 gene is regulated by neuronal activity (Weiler et al, 1997) and its protein product, FMRP, is involved in protein synthesis at the synapses following depolarization (for review, see Fatemi and Folsom, 2011).”
Background
The mGluR theory of fragile X mental retardation
Bear, M. F., Huber, K. M., & Warren, S. T. (2004) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.04.009 · Cited by 1,580
Structure and function of dendritic spines
Nimchinsky, E. A., Sabatini, B. L., & Svoboda, K. (2002) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.64.081501.160008 · Cited by 1,208
“Interestingly, mRNA for FMRP is found in dendrites, and its expression is increased by activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (167), which links FMRP to synaptic function.”
Background
Microarray identification of FMRP-associated brain mRNAs and altered mRNA translational profiles in fragile X syndrome
Brown, V., Jin, P., Ceman, S., Darnell, J. C., O'Donnell, W. T., Tenenbaum, S. A., Jin, X., Feng, Y., Wilkinson, K. D., Keene, J. D., et al. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00568-2 · Cited by 1,109
Fragile X Syndrome: Loss of Local mRNA Regulation Alters Synaptic Development and Function
Bassell, G. J., & Warren, S. T. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.10.004 · Cited by 1,051
“…Muddashetty et al., 2007; Hou et al., 2006; Zalfa et al., 2003 eEF1A + + Co-IP; in vitro Huang et al., 2005; Sung et al., 2003 Fmr1 + + + in vitro Weiler et al., 1997; Antar et al., 2004; Schaeffer et al., 2001 GluR1/2 + + Co-IP Muddashetty et al., 2007 Map1b + + + Co-IP; in vitro; biophysical…”

See all 644

Authors: Weiler, I. J., Irwin, S. A., Klintsova, A. Y., Spencer, C. M., Brazelton, A. D., Miyashiro, K., Comery, T. A., Patel, B., Eberwine, J., & Greenough, W. T.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
ORCID: Irwin, Scott A.
Klintsova, Anna Y.
Spencer, Corinne M.
Eberwine, James
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 1997-05-13
Volume: 94
Issue: 10
Pages: 5395-5400
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.10.5395
PMC: PMC24689
OpenAlex: W2002760096
Cited by: 644
References: 58
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 12.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: FRAXA Research Foundation (MH35321)
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
National Institutes of Health
U.S. Public Health Service
National Institute on Aging (AG10154, R01AG010154)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH-35321, R01MH035321, R37MH035321)
National Center for Research Resources (RR 04050, P41RR004050)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Keywords: FMRP, local protein synthesis, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1, polysomes, synaptoneurosomes, dendritic mRNA, synapse maturation, synaptic plasticity, dendritic translation
MeSH terms: Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antibodies, Brain, Dendrites, Glycine, Humans, Kinetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurons, Organ Specificity, Polyribosomes, Resorcinols, RNA, Messenger, Synapses, Protein Biosynthesis, Oligonucleotide Probes, Gene Library, Antisense Elements (Genetics), RNA-Binding Proteins, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, DNA, Complementary, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Neurotransmitter Agents, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Rats, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Fragile X mental retardation protein is translated near synapses in response to neurotransmitter activation

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks