The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The hypocretins: Hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity
Open accessAbstract
We describe a hypothalamus-specific mRNA that encodes preprohypocretin, the putative precursor of a pair of peptides that share substantial amino acid identities with the gut hormone secretin. The hypocretin (Hcrt) protein products are restricted to neuronal cell bodies of the dorsal and lateral hypothalamic areas. The fibers of these neurons are widespread throughout the posterior hypothalamus and project to multiple targets in other areas, including brainstem and thalamus. Hcrt immunoreactivity is associated with large granular vesicles at synapses. One of the Hcrt peptides was excitatory when applied to cultured, synaptically coupled hypothalamic neurons, but not hippocampal neurons. These observations suggest that the hypocretins function within the CNS as neurotransmitters.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Recent data suggest that the lateral hypothalamic area contains hyporcretin/orexin (de Lecea et al., 1998, Sakurai et al., 1998) neurons (Peyron et al., 1998), which appear to play a critical role in arousal (Siegel, 2004; Saper et al., 2005) and probably reward (Harris et al., 2005; Harris and Aston-Jones, 2006).”
From Dopamine reward circuitry: Two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens–olfactory tubercle complex (2007) · cites this paper as de Lecea et al., 1998
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585
AChE-stained horizontal sections of the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates
Paxinos, G., WATSON, C. R. R., & Emson, P. C. (1980) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(80)90021-7 · Cited by 4,501
Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice
Huszar, D., Lynch, C. A., Fairchild-Huntress, V., Dunmore, J. H., Fang, Q., Berkemeier, L. R., Gu, W., Kesterson, R. A., Boston, B. A., Cone, R. D., et al. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81865-6 · Cited by 3,030
Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein
Ollmann, M. M., Wilson, B. D., Yang, Y.-K., Kerns, J. A., Chen, Y., Gantz, I., & Barsh, G. S. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5335.135 · Cited by 1,881
Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain
Swanson, L. W. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,878
Brain maps: structure of the rat brain
Guillery, R. W. (1993) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(93)90187-q · Cited by 1,669
A role for melanin-concentrating hormone in the central regulation of feeding behaviour
Qu, D., Ludwig, D. S., Gammeltoft, S., Piper, M., Pelleymounter, M. A., Cullen, M. J., Mathes, W. F., Przypek, J., Kanarek, R. B., & Maratos–Flier, E. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/380243a0 · Cited by 1,320
NEUROPEPTIDE Y AND HUMAN PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE STIMULATE FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN RATS
Clark, J. T., Kalra, P. S., Crowley, W. R., & Kalra, S. P. (1984) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-115-1-427 · Cited by 1,276
Mountjoy, K. G., Mortrud, M. T., Low, M. J., Simerly, R. B., & Cone, R. D. (1994) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.8.10.7854347 · Cited by 1,157
Corticotropin-releasing factor-producing neurons in the rat activated by interleukin-1
Berkenbosch, F., van Oers, J., del Rey, A., Tilders, F., & Besedovsky, H. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2443979 · Cited by 1,151
Hypothalamic and genetic obesity in experimental animals: an autonomic and endocrine hypothesis
Bray, G. A., & York, D. A. (1979) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1979.59.3.719 · Cited by 1,132
Central regulation of autonomic functions
(1991) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(91)90107-h · Cited by 1,115
Bittencourt, J. C., Presse, F., Arias, C. M., Peto, C. A., Vaughan, J. M., Nahon, J., Vale, W., & Sawchenko, P. E. (1992) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903190204 · Cited by 1,075
Teitelbaum, P., & Epstein, A. N. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0039285 · Cited by 884
Neuroreptide Y: Stimulation of feeding and drinking by injection into the paraventricular nucleus
Stanley, B. G., & LEIBOWITZ, S. F. (1984) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(84)90032-8 · Cited by 665
The Biosynthesis of Neuropeptides: Peptide alpha-Amidation
Eipper, B. A., Stoffers, D. A., & Mains, R. E. (1992) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.15.030192.000421 · Cited by 610
Neuropeptide Regulation of Appetite and Weight*
Morley, J. E. (1987) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-8-3-256 · Cited by 593
Appetite-Suppressing Effects of Urocortin, a CRF-Related Neuropeptide
Spina, M. G., Merlo‐Pich, E., Chan, R. K. W., Basso, A. M., Rivier, J., Vale, W., & Koob, G. F. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5281.1561 · Cited by 564
Neuropeptide Y: A potent inducer of consummatory behavior in rats
Levine, A. S., & Morley, J. E. (1984) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(84)90165-7 · Cited by 564
Intraventricular corticotropin-releasing factor enhances behavioral effects of novelty
Britton, D. R., Koob, G. F., Rivier, J., & Vale, M. L. (1982) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(82)90416-7 · Cited by 534
Fehmann, H. C., Göke, R., & Göke, B. (1995) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-16-3-390 · Cited by 529
The Biosynthesis Of Neuropeptides: Peptide Alpha-Amidation
Eipper, B. A. (1992) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.15.1.57 · Cited by 489
Rossi, M., Choi, S. J., O’Shea, D., Miyoshi, T., Ghatei, M. A., & Bloom, S. R. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.138.1.4887 · Cited by 432
Bombesin suppresses feeding in rats
Gibbs, J., Fauser, D. J., Rowe, E. A., Rolls, B. J., Rolls, E. T., & Maddison, S. P. (1979) · Nature · doi:10.1038/282208a0 · Cited by 399
Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions
(1990) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195051063.001.0001 · Cited by 344
Segre, G. V., & Goldring, S. R. (1993) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/1043-2760(93)90071-l · Cited by 292
Galanin: Stimulation of feeding induced by medial hypothalamic injection of this novel peptide
Kyrkouli, S. E., Stanley, B. G., & LEIBOWITZ, S. F. (1986) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(86)90175-5 · Cited by 285
Distinct roles for CD4 and CD8 as co-receptors in antigen receptor signalling
Julius, M. H., Maroun, C. R., & Haughn, L. (1993) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(93)90282-p · Cited by 273
Nervous Control of Cardiovascular Function
Kuo, P. T. (1985) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1985.03350280140044 · Cited by 268
Immunohistochemical localization of a melanin concentrating hormone-like peptide in the rat brain
Skofitsch, G., Jacobowitz, D. M., & Zamir, N. (1985) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(85)90213-8 · Cited by 266
Gautvik, K. M., de Lecea, L., Gautvik, V. T., Danielson, P. E., Tranque, P., Dopazo, A., Bloom, F. E., & Sutcliffe, J. G. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.16.8733 · Cited by 264
Arase, K., York, D. A., Shimizu, H., Shargill, N. S., & Bray, G. A. (1988) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1988.255.3.e255 · Cited by 260
Interleukin 1 receptors in the brain and endocrine tissues
Cunningham, E. T., & Souza, E. B. D. (1993) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(93)90281-o · Cited by 227
Aphagia and Adipsia After Preferential Destruction of Nerve Cell Bodies in Hypothalamus
Grossman, S. P., Dacey, D. M., Halaris, A. E., Collier, T. J., & Routtenberg, A. (1978) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.705344 · Cited by 185
Sutcliffe, J. G., Milner, R. J., Shinnick, T. M., & Bloom, F. E. (1983) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(83)90010-7 · Cited by 184
Effect of centrally administered corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) on multiple feeding paradigms
Levine, A. S., Rogers, B., Kneip, J. M., Grace, M. K., & Morley, J. E. (1983) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(83)90249-6 · Cited by 142
Nervous control of cardiovascular function
Randall, W. C. (1984) · Oxford University Press eBooks · Cited by 123
Diurnal variations in the feeding responses to norepinephrine, neuropeptide Y and galanin in the PVN
Tempel, D. L., & LEIBOWITZ, S. F. (1990) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(90)90177-2 · Cited by 114
Influence of Immune Signals on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis of the Rodent
RIVIER, C. L. (1995) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1006/frne.1995.1005 · Cited by 112
Cloning, mRNA Expression, and Chromosomal Mapping of Mouse and Human Preprocortistatin
de Lecea, L., Ruiz‐Lozano, P., Danielson, P. E., Peelle-Kirley, J., Foye, P. E., Frankel, W. N., & Sutcliffe, J. G. (1997) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4763 · Cited by 105
Cholecystokinin: a putative satiety signal.
Smith, G. P., & Gibbs, J. (1975) · PubMed · Cited by 91
Zamir, N., Skofitsch, G., & Jacobowitz, D. M. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90337-9 · Cited by 65
de Lecea, L., Soriano, E., Criado, J., Steffensen, S. C., Henriksen, S. J., & Sutcliffe, J. G. (1994) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(94)90164-3 · Cited by 49
Mikami, S.-I., Chiba, S., Hojo, H., TANIGUCHI, K., Kubokawa, K., & Ishii, S. (1988) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00215836 · Cited by 49
Naito, N., Kawazoe, I., Nakai, Y., & Kawauchi, H. (1988) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00222284 · Cited by 45
Control of Appetite and Satiety: Insights from Biologic and Behavioral Studies
Strieker, E. M., & Verbalis, J. G. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02905.x · Cited by 33
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- L W Swanson Handbook of Chemical Anatomy, eds A Bjorkland, T Hokfelt, L W Swanson (Elsevier, New York) 5, 1–124 (1987).
- G P Smith, J Gibbs Pharmacol Biochem Behav 3, 135–138 (1975).
- K Arase, D A York, H Shimizu, N Shargill, G A Bray Am J Physiol 255, E255–E259 (1988).
- K G Mountjoy, M T Mortrud, M J Low, R B Simerly, R D Cone Mol Endocrinol 8, 1298–1308 (1994).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Central nervous system control of food intake
Schwartz, M. W., Woods, S. C., Porte, D., Seeley, R. J., & Baskin, D. G. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35007534 · Cited by 6,451
Neurons containing hypocretin (orexin) project to multiple neuronal systems
Peyron, C., Tighe, D. K., van den Pol, A. N., de Lecea, L., Heller, H. C., Sutcliffe, J. G., & Kilduff, T. S. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-23-09996.1998 · Cited by 3,466
Self-citationNarcolepsy in orexin Knockout Mice
Chemelli, R. M., Willie, J. T., Sinton, C. M., Elmquist, J. K., Scammell, T., Lee, C., Richardson, J. A., Williams, S. C., Xiong, Y., Kisanuki, Y., et al. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81973-x · Cited by 3,095
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
Saper, C. B., Scammell, T. E., & Lu, J. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04284 · Cited by 2,804
Lin, L., Faraco, J., Li, R., Kadotani, H., Rogers, W., Lin, X., Qiu, X., de Jong, P. J., Nishino, S., & Mignot, E. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81965-0 · Cited by 2,613
Metadata
- Authors
- de Lecea, L., Kilduff, T. S., Peyron, C., Gao, X.-B., Foye, P. E., Danielson, P. E., Fukuhara, C., Battenberg, E. L. F., Gautvik, V. T., Bartlett, F. S., Frankel, W. N., van den Pol, A. N., Bloom, F. E., Gautvik, K. M., & Sutcliffe, J. G.
- Affiliations
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; and The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1998-01-06
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 322-327
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC18213
- OpenAlex
- W2152211310
- Cited by
- 3,878
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 83 · 2025: 126 · 2024: 108 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 156 · 2021: 133 · 2020: 137 · 2019: 133 · 2018: 170 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 159 · 2015: 173 · 2014: 208 · 2013: 186 · 2012: 188
- FWCI
- 55.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary (Jackson Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fondation Fyssen
- Norges Forskningsråd
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns033396-03, 5p01ag011084-05)
- National Institute on Aging (AG-11084)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-32355, R01GM032355)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS33396)
- Army Research Office
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- orexin, hypothalamus, hypothalamic neurons, secretin, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, hypothalamic projections, brainstem, thalamus
- MeSH terms
- Orexins, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Carrier Proteins, Chromosomes, Homeostasis, Hypothalamus, Posterior, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Neurons, Neuropeptides, Protein Precursors, Secretin, Synaptic Vesicles, Consensus Sequence, Rats, Wistar, Neurotransmitter Agents, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Mice, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
