The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A two-step, two-signal model for the primary activation of precursor helper T cells
Open accessAbstract
I present here a new model for the primary activation of precursor helper T cells. Observations demonstrate that the immune system learns not to respond to extrathymic, organ-specific self-antigens because of their early appearance in development. The immune system thus discriminates between peripheral self-antigens and foreign antigens and, when mature, usually makes an immune response against only the latter. Contemporary models for the activation and inactivation of T helper (Th) function do not account for such discrimination. The model proposed here is consistent with contemporary findings and incorporates a mechanism of peripheral self–nonself discrimination.
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Cites
A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity
Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P., & Janeway, C. A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/41131 · Cited by 5,590
Tolerance, Danger, and the Extended Family
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Approaching the Asymptote? Evolution and Revolution in Immunology
Janeway, C. A. (1989) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.1989.054.01.003 · Cited by 3,252
CD28/B7 SYSTEM OF T CELL COSTIMULATION
Lenschow, D. J., Walunas, T. L., & Bluestone, J. A. (1996) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.233 · Cited by 2,717
T cell tolerance by clonal elimination in the thymus
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Self-citationMueller, D. L., Jenkins, M. K., & Schwartz, R. H. (1989) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.07.040189.002305 · Cited by 1,493
Antigen-specific interaction between T and B cells
Lanzavecchia, A. (1985) · Nature · doi:10.1038/314537a0 · Cited by 1,412
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Cited by
Molecular mechanism and function of CD40/CD40L engagement in the immune system
Elgueta, R., Benson, M. J., De Vries, V. C., Wasiuk, A., Guo, Y., & Noelle, R. J. (2009) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00782.x · Cited by 1,625
The PD1:PD-L1/2 Pathway from Discovery to Clinical Implementation
Bardhan, K., Anagnostou, T., & Boussiotis, V. A. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00550 · Cited by 606
Unifying concepts in CD28, ICOS and CTLA4 co-receptor signalling.
Rudd, C. E., & Schneider, H. (2003) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1131 · Cited by 392
The CD160, BTLA, LIGHT/HVEM pathway: a bidirectional switch regulating T‐cell activation
Cai, G., & Freeman, G. J. (2009) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00783.x · Cited by 301
Derré, L., Rivals, J.-P., Jandus, C., Pastor, S., Rimoldi, D., Romero, P., Michielin, O., Olive, D., & Speiser, D. E. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci40070 · Cited by 295
Metadata
- Authors
- Bretscher, P. A.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1999-01-05
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 185-190
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2013464021
- Cited by
- 386
- References
- 46
- FWCI
- 3.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Bretscher, P. A. (1999). A two-step, two-signal model for the primary activation of precursor helper T cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.1.185
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
