A B cell-deficient mouse by targeted disruption of the membrane exon of the immunoglobulin μ chain gene
Abstract
Of the various classes of antibodies that B lymphocytes can produce, class M (IgM) is the first to be expressed on the membrane of the developing cells. Pre-B cells, the precursors of B-lymphocytes, produce the heavy chain of IgM (mu chain), but not light chains. Recent data suggest that pre-B cells express mu chains on the membrane together with the 'surrogate' light chains lambda 5 and V pre B (refs 2-7). This complex could control pre-B-cell differentiation, in particular the rearrangement of the light-chain genes. We have now assessed the importance of the membrane form of the mu chain in B-cell development by generating mice lacking this chain. We disrupted one of the membrane exons of the gene encoding the mu-chain constant region by gene targeting in mouse embryonic stem cells. From these cells we derived mice heterozygous or homozygous for the mutation. B-cell development in the heterozygous mice seemed to be normal, but in homozygous animals B cells were absent, their development already being arrested at the stage of pre-B-cell maturation.
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In JHT mice, functional B cells fail to develop due to deletion of the Ig JH locus, while μMT mice lack B cells as a result of inactivation of the Ig heavy chain of the class M gene.
“In JHT mice, functional B cells fail to develop due to deletion of the Ig JH locus, while μ MT mice lack B cells as a result of inactivation of the Ig heavy chain of the class M gene [112,113].”
From Is there a role for B cells in Alzheimer's disease? (2026) · cites this paper as [113]
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- Authors
- Kitamura, D., Roes, J., Kühn, R., & Rajewsky, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Cologne (DE)
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1991-04
- Volume
- 350
- Issue
- 6317
- Pages
- 423-426
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2032348735
- Cited by
- 1,783
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 23.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MDC Repository (Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Keywords
- B cell deficiency, immunoglobulin mu chain, pre-B cells, B cell development, gene targeting, knockout mice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte, B-Lymphocytes, DNA Mutational Analysis, Flow Cytometry, Genes, Immunoglobulin, Hematopoiesis, Immunoglobulin Light Chains, Immunoglobulin mu-Chains, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, Membrane Glycoproteins, Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell, Blotting, Southern, Mice, Immunoglobulin Light Chains, Surrogate
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