The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Expression pattern and, surprisingly, gene length shape codon usage in Caenorhabditis,Drosophila, and Arabidopsis
Open accessAbstract
We measured the expression pattern and analyzed codon usage in 8,133, 1,550, and 2,917 genes, respectively, from Caenorhabditis elegans,Drosophila melanogaster, and Arabidopsis thaliana. In those three species, we observed a clear correlation between codon usage and gene expression levels and showed that this correlation is not due to a mutational bias. This provides direct evidence for selection on silent sites in those three distantly related multicellular eukaryotes. Surprisingly, there is a strong negative correlation between codon usage and protein length. This effect is not due to a smaller size of highly expressed proteins. Thus, for a same-expression pattern, the selective pressure on codon usage appears to be lower in genes encoding long rather than short proteins. This puzzling observation is not predicted by any of the current models of selection on codon usage and thus raises the question of how translation efficiency affects fitness in multicellular organisms.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs
Altschul, S. (1997) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/25.17.3389 · Cited by 73,302
Cited by
Global signatures of protein and mRNA expression levels
de Sousa Abreu, R., Penalva, L. O., Marcotte, E. M., & Vogel, C. (2009) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/b908315d · Cited by 1,248
The evolution of sex-biased genes and sex-biased gene expression
Ellegren, H., & Parsch, J. (2007) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2167 · Cited by 925
Human housekeeping genes are compact
Eisenberg, E., & Levanon, E. Y. (2003) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/s0168-9525(03)00140-9 · Cited by 698
Borkovich, K. A., Alex, L. A., Yarden, O., Freitag, M., Turner, G. E., Read, N. D., Seiler, S., Bell-Pedersen, D., Paietta, J., Plesofsky, N., et al. (2004) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.68.1.1-108.2004 · Cited by 621
Determinants of translation efficiency and accuracy
Gingold, H., & Pilpel, Y. (2011) · Molecular Systems Biology · doi:10.1038/msb.2011.14 · Cited by 489
Metadata
- Authors
- Duret, L., & Mouchiroud, D.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1999-04-13
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 4482-4487
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2078146553
- Cited by
- 813
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 5.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Expression pattern and, surprisingly, gene length shape codon usage in Caenorhabditis,Drosophila, and Arabidopsis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.96.8.4482
- The paper
- Duret, L., & Mouchiroud, D. (1999). Expression pattern and, surprisingly, gene length shape codon usage in Caenorhabditis,Drosophila, and Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.8.4482
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
