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The new animal phylogeny: Reliability and implications
Open accessAbstract
DNA sequence analysis dictates new interpretation of phylogenic trees. Taxa that were once thought to represent successive grades of complexity at the base of the metazoan tree are being displaced to much higher positions inside the tree. This leaves no evolutionary "intermediates" and forces us to rethink the genesis of bilaterian complexity.
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“Thus the parental anemones whose genomes we sampled have somewhat less allelic variation than broadcast spawning invertebrates such as sea squirts (~2%) (7) and sea urchins (5-10%) (8), or outbreeding plants like Populus (~2%) (34), but a comparable amount to the pufferfish (0.5%) (35).”
From Sea Anemone Genome Reveals Ancestral Eumetazoan Gene Repertoire and Genomic Organization (2007) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“The Bilateria thus derive from a common ancestor, a point repeatedly substantiated in current molecular phylogenies (reviewed in Adoutte et al., 2000;Peterson and Eernisse, 2001).”
From Precambrian Animal Life: Probable Developmental and Adult Cnidarian Forms from Southwest China (2002) · cites this paper as Adoutte et al., 2000
In the citing paper
“Cladistic analyses, both morphological and molecular, clearly indicate that the bilaterians are monophyletic, i.e., they derive from a latest common ancestor that gave rise only to bilaterians (see ref. 8).”
From Precambrian animal diversity: Putative phosphatized embryos from the Doushantuo Formation of China (2000) · cites this paper as [8]
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Self-citationMolecular phylogeny of the Platyhelminthes
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“Because acoels and nemertodermatids shared robust morphological characters (ciliary rootlet system, bent cilia, and likely, duet-type spiral cleavage), most zoologists believed that the placement of acoels was probably erroneous and preferred the position of the Nemertodermatida within the rhabditophoran Platyhelminth…”
BackgroundDeuterostomes in a twist: the origins of a radical new body plan
Smith, A. B. (2008) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2008.00260.x · Cited by 113
“Molecular data consistently demonstrates that echinoderms are deuterostomes that lie nested high within the Bilateria (Turbeville et al. 1994; Adoutte et al. 2000; Cameron et al. 2000; Winchell et al. 2002; Blair and Hedges 2005; Philippe et al. 2005; Bourlat et al. 2006; Delsuc et al. 2006; Dunn…”
BackgroundNew Finds of Skeletal Fossils in the Terminal Neoproterozoic of the Siberian Platform and Spain
Zhuravlev, A. Y., Liñán, E., Vintaned, J. A. G., Debrenne, F., & Fedorov, A. B. (2012) · Acta Palaeontologica Polonica · doi:10.4202/app.2010.0074 · Cited by 113
Hemichordates and the origin of chordates
Gerhart, J. C., Lowe, C. J., & Kirschner, M. W. (2005) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2005.06.004 · Cited by 113
“Phylogeny of hemichordates and chordates, from 18S rDNA comparisons [12–14].”
BackgroundThe Radiata and the evolutionary origins of the bilaterian body plan
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“This was clearly the case for hypotheses on the evolution of the coelom and the phylogenetic position of the acoelomate flatworms (Adoutte et al., 2000; Balavoine, 1997).”
BackgroundCaenorhabditis elegans has a single pathway to target matrix proteins to peroxisomes
Motley, A. M., Hettema, E. H., Ketting, R. F., Plasterk, R. H. A., & Tabak, H. F. (2000) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvd010 · Cited by 110
“A very striking result of the recent molecular based reorganization of the metazoan phylogenetic tree has placed nematodes as a sister group of arthropods (for a perspective see Adoutte et al., 2000).”
BackgroundHejnol, A., & Lowe, C. J. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0045 · Cited by 105
“At that time, the internal phylogeny of the Lophotrochozoa remained polytomic and thus did not exclude the possibility that annelids are representatives of early branching lophotrochozoans, which could indeed hint that annelids show multiple ancestral characters [77,81].”
BackgroundOlson, P. D., Zarowiecki, M., KISS, F., & Brehm, K. (2011) · Parasite Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01319.x · Cited by 108
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“, the acoelomate and pseudocoelomate phyla) are included within one of these three clades (Adoutte et al. 2000; Peterson and Eernisse 2001).”
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Are mushroom bodies cerebellum-like structures?
Farris, S. M. (2011) · Arthropod Structure & Development · doi:10.1016/j.asd.2011.02.004 · Cited by 110
On the origin of the Hirudinea and the demise of the Oligochaeta
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“(Aguinaldo et al. 1997; Adoutte et al. 2000).”
BackgroundBack in time: a new systematic proposal for the Bilateria
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“The so-called ‘new animal phylogeny’ (Adoutte et al. 2000), initially based on 18S rDNA sequence data alone, split the Bilateria into three superphyla: Deuterostomia, Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa, widely accepted today.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe segmental pattern of otx, gbx, and Hox genes in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii
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“However, the homology of annelid and arthropod segments has been called into question by the ‘‘New Animal Phylogeny’’ that places arthropods and annelids into distinct protostome super-phyla (Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa), together with a majority of nonsegmented groups (Adoutte et al. 2000).”
BackgroundNo backbone but lots of Sox: Invertebrate Sox genes
Phochanukul, N., & Russell, S. R. H. (2009) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2009.06.013 · Cited by 104
The dawn of bilaterian animals: the case of acoelomorph flatworms
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“lomate and pseudocoelomate groups now displaced to much higher positions inside the tree.((17,24,27)) Hopes of finding”
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“Indeed, the reltive sensitivity of echinoderms compared with more traditional nvertebrate test species is worthy of further ecotoxicological studes due to their close position to the chordates in the deuterostome ine of development of the animal kingdom (Adoutte et al., 2000), hich could help in avoiding unnecessary u…”
BackgroundDecoding the genomic tree of life
Simonson, A. B., Servin, J. A., Skophammer, R. G., Herbold, C. W., Rivera, M. C., & Lake, J. A. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0501996102 · Cited by 98
Functional evolution of ADAMTS genes: Evidence from analyses of phylogeny and gene organization
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“Assuming that the Ecdysozoa hypothesis is true and arthropods and nematodes are united as a group [56-62], our results indicate that a single ADAMTS gene duplication preceded the divergences of Ecdysozoa and chordates.”
ResultHemichordate Embryos: Procurement, Culture, and Basic Methods
Lowe, C. J., Tagawa, K., Humphreys, T., Kirschner, M. W., & Gerhart, J. C. (2004) · Methods in cell biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-679x(04)74008-x · Cited by 99
Echinoderms: Potential Model Systems for Studies on Muscle Regeneration
García‐Arrarás, J. E., & Dolmatov, I. Y. (2010) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161210790883426 · Cited by 99
“This close relationship, established using morphological, embryological and fossil data, has been reaffirmed in molecular studies [3, 4, 5].”
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Self-citationImmortality and the base of multicellular life: Lessons from cnidarian stem cells
Watanabe, H., Hoang, V. T., Mättner, R. A., & Holstein, T. W. (2009) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.09.008 · Cited by 98
“Molecular phylogenetic studies learly indicate that cnidarians diverged prior to the appearnce of the bilaterians [4–6].”
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“This key concept has led authors to try reconstructing the ground pattern of the bilaterian last common ancestor [10–12].”
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“Furthermore, although all molecular data clearly show that the bulk of the Platyhelminthes is associated with the Lophotrochozoa (Adoutte et al., 2000; Carranza et al., 1997; von Nickisch-Rosenegk et al., 2001; Ruiz-Trillo et al., 1999, 2002), whether they are derived or basal lophotrochozoans is still uncertain, sinc…”
BackgroundMoving to mate: the evolution of separate and combined sexes in multicellular organisms
Eppley, S. M., & Jesson, L. K. (2008) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01524.x · Cited by 95
“…phylogenies: a combined morphological and molecular phylogeny for the basal relationships among the metazoa (Peterson & Eernisse, 2001), a molecular phylogeny (from Adoutte et al., 2000 with additional resolution from Mallatt & Winchell, 2002) and a recent morphological phylogeny (Nielsen, 2001).”
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“evolutionarily distant organisms separated by as much as 600 million years in evolution (Adoutte et al. 2000; Weigmann et al. 2003), D.”
BackgroundConstitutive gene expression and the specification of tissue identity in adult planarian biology
Reddien, P. W. (2011) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2011.04.004 · Cited by 93
“As members of the phylum Platyhelminthes, planarians are representatives of the Lophotrochozoa, a sister clade to the Ecdysozoa, which include arthropods (such as Drosophila melanogaster) and nematodes (such as Caenorhabditis elegans) [6].”
BackgroundDevelopmental genetic evidence for a monophyletic origin of the bilaterian brain
Reichert, H., & Simeone, A. (2001) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0972 · Cited by 94
Dismissal of Acoelomorpha: Acoela and Nemertodermatida are separate early bilaterian clades
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Doushantuo Fossils: Life on the Eve of Animal Radiation
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“The split of the protostomes and deuterostomes within the eumetazoan group and the split of phyla within protostomes may have occurred in the late Neoproterozoic (Adouette et al., 2000).”
BackgroundEST sequencing of Onychophora and phylogenomic analysis of Metazoa
Roeding, F., Hagner‐Holler, S., Ruhberg, H., Ebersberger, I., von Haeseler, A., Kube, M., Reinhardt, R., & Burmester, T. (2007) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.09.002 · Cited by 90
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Lophotrochozoan mitochondrial genomes
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“and Thollesson 2004), Hox cluster data (Adoutte et al. 2000; de Rosa 2001), and morphological data (Peterson and Eernisse 2001; Glenner et al. 2004).”
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“Due to its ease of amplification and its among-region evolutionary rate heterogeneity, ribosomal DNA enjoyed a pioneering role in molecular phylogenetics, leading to the so-called “new animal phylogeny” [84, 85], and being – even in the genomic era – the sole source of molecular data for several large clades (e.”
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“Interestingly, Figure 4B shows a relatively low level of enrichment of E. granulosus sequences with closer similarity to other Lophotrochozoan (Mollusca and Annelida) sequences than to other Eukaryotes.”
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The evolution of evo-devo biology
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Stem cells and regeneration in planarians
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The Phylogenetic Distribution and Evolutionary Origins of Endocannabinoid Signalling
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“Presently, there is much acknowledged uncertainty about the intra-lophotrochozoan phylogenies [29].”
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“According to current phylogenetic knowledge (Adoutte et al. 2000), comparing vertebrates with either ecdysozoans or lophotrochozoans, or both, should yield informative insights into the development of Urbilateria.”
Self-citationImproving animal phylogenies with genomic data
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Drosophila strategies to study psychiatric disorders
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Eye evolution: a question of genetic promiscuity
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“Genetic dating of phylogenetic divergences indicates that the major branches of Bilateria separated 100–300 Ma before the Cambrian explosion, and that Cnidaria was split off even earlier [6–9].”
BackgroundAncestry of neuronal monoamine transporters in the Metazoa
Caveney, S., Cladman, W., Verellen, L., & Donly, C. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.02607 · Cited by 78
CHARNIA AT 50: DEVELOPMENTAL MODELS FOR EDIACARAN FRONDS
ANTCLIFFE, J. B., & BRASIER, M. D. (2008) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00738.x · Cited by 83
“Next to sponges, Cnidaria comprise the most primitive animal phylum (cf. Adoutte et al. 2000) and their presence in Precambrian strata before the emergence of the other animal phyla is a reasonable expectation (see Waggoner and Collins, 2004, who estimated that Ediacaran representatives of the…”
BackgroundEvolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: the spiderParasteatoda tepidariorum
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“…projection oriented towards a morphogen-producing cell (Ramírez-Weber and arthropods and nematodes), based on an influential phylogenetic study that used ribosomal RNA sequences (Aguinaldo et al., 1997) and resulted in new views on the phylogenetic relationships of animals (Adoutte et al., 2000).”
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“Since monophyly of this group is well supported (Adoutte et al. 2000), studies of the echinoderm nervous system can improve our understanding of the general principles of organization and general trends in the evolution of the nervous system in deuterostomes in general.”
Multicellularity, stem cells, and the neoblasts of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea
Alvarado, A. S., & Kang, H. (2005) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.03.020 · Cited by 75
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“"Moreover, the ecdysozoan topology is currently favored in the evo-devo community, on the basis of the perceived deep commonalities in the developmental processes of various molting animals [30,31]"”
BackgroundMethodThe Phylogenetic Position of Entoprocta, Ectoprocta, Phoronida, and Brachiopoda
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“Early studies classified planarians as acoelomates and, thus, placed them more distantly related to vertebrates than insects or nematodes (Adoutte et al. 1999, 2000).”
BackgroundNovel scenarios of early animal evolution--is it time to rewrite textbooks?
Dohrmann, M., & Worheide, G. (2013) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/ict008 · Cited by 71
“…the long-held view that segmented worms (Annelida) are the closest living relatives of arthropods (the Articulata hypothesis, based on the shared presence of segmentation in these two groups), was shattered by molecular phylogenetic studies initiated in the 1990s (e.g., Adoutte et al. 2000).”
BackgroundRevealing the anti-HRP epitope in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis
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Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology
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Evolving better brains: a need for neurotrophins?
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BackgroundInfluentialWas the ANITA Rooting of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Affected by Long-Branch Attraction?
Qiu, Y., Lee, J., Whitlock, B. A., Bernasconi‐Quadroni, F., & Dombrovska, O. (2001) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003962 · Cited by 69
Wagele, & Misof (2001) · Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research · doi:10.1046/j.1439-0469.2001.00177.x · Cited by 67
Ottaviani, E., Malagoli, D., & Franceschi, C. (2007) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2007.08.007 · Cited by 70
Ecdysozoan Clade Rejected by Genome-Wide Analysis of Rare Amino Acid Replacements
Rogozin, I. B., Wolf, Y. I., Carmel, L., & Koonin, E. V. (2007) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msm029 · Cited by 68
“The ecdysozoan topology gained rapid recognition and nearly unanimous acceptance in the evo-devo community thanks primarily, to the interpretation of molting as a fundamental developmental feature (Adoutte et al. 2000; Valentine and Collins 2000; Collins and Valentine 2001; Telford and Budd 2003).”
BackgroundElphick, M. R., Satou, Y., & Satoh, N. (2003) · Gene · doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(02)01094-6 · Cited by 67
Ganguly, S., Mummaneni, P., Steinbach, P. J., Klein, D. C., & Coon, S. L. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m107222200 · Cited by 65
Franco, A., Berthelin, C., Goux, D., Sourdaine, P., & Mathieu, M. (2008) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/j.tice.2007.12.006 · Cited by 65
Arthropods: Developmental diversity within a (super) phylum
Akam, M. E. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4438 · Cited by 65
New animal phylogeny: future challenges for animal phylogeny in the age of phylogenomics
Giribet, G. (2015) · Organisms Diversity & Evolution · doi:10.1007/s13127-015-0236-4 · Cited by 67
“Almost two decades have passed since the publication of what has become to be known as BThe New Animal Phylogeny^ (Adoutte et al. 2000; Halanych 2004)—a new set of phylumlevel relationships largely driven by molecular data and mostly derived from two of the most influential papers on animal molecular phylogenetics (Ha…”
BackgroundSmall is beautiful: what flies tell us about ERM protein function in development
Polesello, C., & Payre, F. (2004) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2004.04.003 · Cited by 65
Proposing a solution to the Articulata–Ecdysozoa controversy
Nielsen, C. (2003) · Zoologica Scripta · doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00122.x · Cited by 64
Comparative neuroanatomy suggests repeated reduction of neuroarchitectural complexity in Annelida
Heuer, C. M., Müller, C. H. G., Todt, C., & Loesel, R. (2010) · Frontiers in Zoology · doi:10.1186/1742-9994-7-13 · Cited by 63
“In light of the 'new animal phylogeny' [41], these studies provide independent and therefore significant support for the homology of globuli cells that constitute mushroom bodies in annelids and arthropods.”
BackgroundBiology of Lysenin, a Protein in the Coelomic Fluid of the Earthworm Eisenia foetida
Kobayashi, H., Ohta, N., & Umeda, M. (2004) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(04)36002-x · Cited by 63
Identification of conserved C2H2 zinc-finger gene families in the Bilateria
Knight, R. D., & Shimeld, S. M. (2001) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2001-2-5-research0016 · Cited by 62
Waeschenbach, A., Telford, M. J., Porter, J. S., & Littlewood, D. T. J. (2006) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.007 · Cited by 62
“Phylogenetic signal from nucleotides and/or amino acids alone may be unable to resolve what may have been a relatively rapid radiation during the Cambrian (Adoutte et al., 2000; Halanych, 2004).”
BackgroundJang, K. H., & Hwang, U. W. (2009) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-167 · Cited by 61
“The phylogeny signal of mitochondrial genome nucleotides and/or amino acids alone may be unable to resolve what may have been a relatively rapid radiation during the Cambrian [52,53].”
BackgroundEvolution of Fast Development of Planktonic Embryos to Early Swimming
Staver, J. M., & Strathmann, R. R. (2002) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/1543458 · Cited by 61
“Relationships among many phyla are still uncertain (Adoutte et al., 2000).”
BackgroundmicroRNA profiling in the zoonotic parasite Echinococcus canadensis using a high-throughput approach
Macchiaroli, N., Cucher, M. A., Zarowiecki, M., Maldonado, L. L., Kamenetzky, L., & Rosenzvit, M. C. (2015) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0686-8 · Cited by 63
“This finding is unexpected since C. elegans (Nematoda) and D. melanogaster (Arthropoda) belong to the same ecdysozoan clade of protostomes, and Echinococcus is more closely related to them than to Homo sapiens (Chordata), due to its affiliation to Lophotrochozoa [50].”
BackgroundCharacterization, prediction and evolution of plant peroxisomal targeting signals type 1 (PTS1s)
Reumann, S., Chowdhary, G., & Lingner, T. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.001 · Cited by 60
Badariotti, F., Kypriotou, M., Lelong, C., Dubos, M., Renard, E., Galéra, P., & Favrel, P. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m605687200 · Cited by 60
Holland, L. Z. (2000) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00109-x · Cited by 59
Molecular Evolution and Structural Features of IRAK Family Members
Gosu, V., Basith, S., Durai, P., & Choi, S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049771 · Cited by 59
“As a result, arthropods and nematodes are integrated into one group, assuming that the Ecdysozoa hypothesis is true [71,72,73].”
BackgroundConservation and co-option in developmental programmes: the importance of homology relationships
Sanetra, M., Begemann, G., Becker, M.-B., & Meyer, A. (2005) · Frontiers in Zoology · doi:10.1186/1742-9994-2-15 · Cited by 59
“However, the sparse taxon sampling presently hampers a thorough Phylogeny of the Metazoa (adopted and simplified from [112-114]) depicting several new and controversial hypotheses of character evolution with regard to bilateral sy metry, central nervous system, segmentation, and steroid receptors Figur 1 Phylogeny of…”
BackgroundJenner, R. A., & Littlewood, D. T. J. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2240 · Cited by 59
“In this period, the field progressed significantly beyond the traditional textbook trees (Adoutte et al. 2000), but perhaps the most important insight of this era of fruitful debate was discovering exactly how problematic many taxa and clades were.”
BackgroundWhen integration fails: Prokaryote phylogeny and the tree of life
O’Malley, M. A. (2012) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2012.10.003 · Cited by 59
“New inferences of relationships have swept away older conceptual assumptions about simple to complex trends (with the elevation to later evolutionary history of groups once thought to be at the base of the animal tree), the naturalness of certain ranks (particularly phyla), and the monophyly of major morphologically d…”
Radial glial cells play a key role in echinoderm neural regeneration
Mashanov, V. S., Zueva, O. R., & García‐Arrarás, J. E. (2013) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/1741-7007-11-49 · Cited by 60
“( D , D ' ) Representative micrographs showing Nurr1 + BrdU + neurons ( arrows ) on day 51 after the last BrdU injection ( day 64 post - injury ) . predated the diversification of the Chordata and Ambulacraria ( Echinodermata + Hemichordata ) lineages within the clade Deuterostomia [ 21 , 22 ] .”
InfluentialXu, Y., Zheng, G., Dong, S., Liu, G., & Yu, X. (2014) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.013 · Cited by 58
Turning Hox “signatures” into synapomorphies
Telford, M. J. (2000) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00075.x · Cited by 55
“some groups appear to be taking to test the position of the acoels is to look for the presence of Hox signatures (Adoutte et al. 2000).”
BackgroundMethodKerner, P., Simionato, E., Gouar, M. L., & Vervoort, M. (2009) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2009.00359.x · Cited by 56
“These species belong to two of the three main branches of the bilaterian tree: the ecdysozoans and the deuterostomes (Adoutte et al. 2000; Philippe and Telford 2006).”
BackgroundThe place of phylogeny and cladistics in Evo-Devo research
Telford, M. J., & Budd, G. E. (2003) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.14756323 · Cited by 56
Littlewood, D. T. J., Olson, P. D., Telford, M. J., Herniou, E. A., & Riutort, M. (2001) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003821 · Cited by 55
“Although recent data support the molecular results (Henry, Martindale, and Boyer 2000), some systematists distrust the findings based on 18S rDNA and have claimed that long-branch attraction (LBA; Felsenstein 1978) affected the final analysis of these data (e.g., Adoutte et al. 2000).”
ResultExpression of skeletogenic genes during arm regeneration in the brittle star Amphiura filiformis
Czarkwiani, A., Dylus, D. V., & Oliveri, P. (2013) · Gene Expression Patterns · doi:10.1016/j.gep.2013.09.002 · Cited by 55
“Echinoderms are deuterostomes (Adoutte et al., 2000; Cameron et al., 2000; Philippe et al., 2005; Turbeville et al., 1994; Winchell et al., 2002) and they share many genes with chordates as shown by the analysis of the sea urchin genome sequence (Sodergren et al.”
BackgroundEvo-Devo: the long and winding road
Baguñà, J., & García‐Fernàndez, J. (2003) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.14756346 · Cited by 55
“…called upon to back two recent hypotheses on the origin and evolution of bilaterian metazoans: the so-called “complex Urbilateria” hypothesis (De Robertis, 1997; Holland, 2000; Holland et al., 1997; Adoutte et al., 1999, 2000) and the “set-aside cells” hypothesis (Peterson et al., 1997; 2000).”
BackgroundSchistosome transcriptome: insights and perspectives for functional genomics
Verjovski‐Almeida, S., Leite, L. C. C., Dias‐Neto, E., Menck, C. F. M., & Wilson, R. A. (2004) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2004.04.012 · Cited by 55
Metadata
- Authors
- Adoutte, A., Balavoine, G., Lartillot, N., Lespinet, O., Prud'homme, B., & de Rosa, R.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bâtiment 26, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2000-04-25
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 4453-4456
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC34321
- OpenAlex
- W2162160001
- Cited by
- 512
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 7.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Keywords
- animal phylogeny, DNA sequence analysis, evolutionary intermediates, taxonomic reclassification
- MeSH terms
- Animals, DNA, Biological Evolution, Genes, Homeobox, Invertebrates, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, Vertebrates, Reproducibility of Results, Evolution, Molecular
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