Caspase-3 cleaves specific 19 S proteasome subunits in skeletal muscle stimulating proteasome activity
Open accessAbstract
With muscle wasting, caspase-3 activation and the ubiquitin-proteasome system act synergistically to increase the degradation of muscle proteins. Whether proteasome activity is also elevated in response to catabolic conditions is unknown. We find that caspase-3 increases proteasome activity in myotubes but not in myoblasts. This difference is related to the cleavage of specific 19 S proteasome subunits. In mouse muscle or myotubes, caspase-3 cleaves Rpt2 and Rpt6 increasing proteasome activity. In myoblasts, caspase-3 cleaves Rpt5 to decrease proteasome activity. To confirm the caspase-3 dependence, caspase-3 cleavage sites in Rpt2, Rpt6, or Rpt5 were mutated. This prevented the cleavage of these subunits by caspase-3 as well as the changes in proteasome activity. During differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes, there is an obligatory, transient increase in caspase-3 activity, accompanied by a corresponding increase in proteasome activity and cleavage of Rpt2 and Rpt6. Therefore, differentiation changes the proteasome type from sensitivity of Rpt5 to caspase-3 in myoblasts to sensitivity of Rpt2 and Rpt6 in myotubes. This novel mechanism identifies a feed-forward amplification that augments muscle proteolysis in catabolic conditions. Indeed, we found that in mice with a muscle wasting condition, chronic kidney disease, there was cleavage of subunits Rpt2 and Rpt6 and stimulation of proteasome activity.
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Alterations in mPTP function contribute to the aging-related loss of muscle mass and function.
“Alterations in mPTP function are undoubtedly contributing to the aging-related loss of muscle mass and function, since mPTP opening can trigger several atrophy-regulating pathways.”
From Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Health and Aging (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Wang, X. H., Zhang, L., Mitch, W. E., LeDoux, J. M., Hu, J., & Du, J.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Xiaonan H.
- Du, Jie
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 285
- Issue
- 28
- Pages
- 21249-21257
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2898444
- OpenAlex
- W1980613381
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 3.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Emory University
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL070762)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P50DK064233, R37DK037175)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Keywords
- caspase-3, 19S proteasome, proteasome activity, Rpt2, Rpt6, myotubes, myogenesis, muscle atrophy, ubiquitin-proteasome system, muscle protein degradation, chronic kidney disease
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, Humans, Models, Biological, Mutation, Peptide Hydrolases, RNA, Ribosomal, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Muscle, Skeletal, Jurkat Cells, Caspases, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Mice, Caspase 3
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