What's on the Outside Matters: The Role of the Extracellular Polymeric Substance of Gram-negative Biofilms in Evading Host Immunity and as a Target for Therapeutic Intervention
Open accessAbstract
Biofilms are organized multicellular communities encased in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm-resident bacteria resist immunity and antimicrobials. The EPS provides structural stability and presents a barrier; however, a complete understanding of how EPS structure relates to biological function is lacking. This review focuses on the EPS of three Gram-negative pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi/Typhimurium. Although EPS proteins and polysaccharides are diverse, common constituents include extracellular DNA, DNABII (DNA binding and bending) proteins, pili, flagella, and outer membrane vesicles. The EPS biochemistry promotes recalcitrance and informs the design of therapies to reduce or eliminate biofilm burden.
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New roles are emerging for glycans in the biofilms surrounding bacteria, enabling them to form discrete multicellular communities.
“and new roles are emerging for glycans in the bio fi lms surrounding bacteria, enabling them to form discrete multicellular communities (579 -583).”
From Biological roles of glycans (2017) · cites this paper as [583]
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Varki, A. (2017) · Glycobiology · doi:10.1093/glycob/cww086 · Cited by 2,635 · see citing works
Fleitas Martínez, O., Cardoso, M. H., Ribeiro, S. M., & Franco, O. L. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00074 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gunn, J. S., Bakaletz, L. O., & Wozniak, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wozniak, Daniel J.
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 291
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 12538-12546
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4933457
- OpenAlex
- W2338854241
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 1.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI097511, R01AI116917)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Escherichia coli research studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- extracellular polymeric substances, biofilm, Gram-negative bacteria, host immune evasion, antimicrobial resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella typhi, extracellular DNA, fimbriae, flagella, outer membrane vesicles, biofilm-targeted therapy
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacterial Infections, DNA, Bacterial, Extracellular Matrix, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Humans, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Biofilms, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Immune Evasion
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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