The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
“Diagnosis Threat”: The Effect of Negative Expectations on Cognitive Performance in Head Injury
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of negative expectations on neuropsychological test performance. It was hypothesized that having attention called to a history of prior head injury and the potential effects of head injury on cognition would result in diminished neuropsychological test performance relative to individuals with a similar head injury history but who did not have their attention called to their head injury history ('diagnosis threat'). Of 36 participants with a history of mild head injury, 17 were randomly assigned to diagnosis threat and 19 to neutral test directions. The diagnosis threat group performed significantly worse on tests measuring general intellect and memory, but were not different from the neutral group in basic attention or psychomotor speed. The diagnosis threat group rated themselves as putting forth less effort on the neuropsychological battery, and self-rated effort correlated with test performance in that group. Overall, results serve as a reminder that neuropsychological tests are measures of behavior, and thus can be influenced by nonneurological factors.
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“This is thought to occur because people associate concussion with negative outcomes and therefore experience a type of “diagnosis threat” (Suhr & Gunstad, 2002).”
From Can mild traumatic brain injury alter cognition chronically? A LIMBIC-CENC multicenter study. (2023) · cites this paper as Suhr & Gunstad, 2002
Citations
Cites
Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.
Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797 · Cited by 9,020
The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS): Psychometric properties
Rush, A. J., Gullion, C. M., Basco, M. R., Jarrett, R. B., & Trivedi, M. H. (1996) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700035558 · Cited by 2,177
How expectancies shape experience.
(1999) · doi:10.1037/10332-000 · Cited by 639 · cited 1×
“Diagnosis threat and stereotype threat appear to be speci®c instances of the effects of negative response expectancies (Kirsch, 1999).”
Nocebo: the psychologic induction of pain
Schweiger, A., & Parducci, A. (1981) · The Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science · doi:10.1007/bf03003218 · Cited by 96
Walsh, M., Hickey, C., & Duffy, J. (1999) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1023/a:1018854212358 · Cited by 88 · cited 1×
“(Low SES students do worse on hard GRE problems when told that they assess intellectual abilities, but not when told they assess attention and memory.) Stereotype threat has also been demonstrated in studies of sex differences on cognitive tasks (Spencer, Steele, & Quinn, 1999; Walsh, Hickey, & Duffy, 1999 ).”
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Sorted by citations
BELANGER, H. G., CURTISS, G., DEMERY, J. A., LEBOWITZ, B. K., & VANDERPLOEG, R. D. (2005) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617705050277 · Cited by 715
“Other potential moderators include “diagnosis threat” (Suhr & Gunstad, 2002) and psychiatric variables (Levin et al., 2001).”
BackgroundAre patient expectations still relevant for psychotherapy process and outcome
Greenberg, R. P., Constantino, M. J., & Bruce, N. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.03.002 · Cited by 477
Carroll, L., Cassidy, J., Cancelliere, C., Côté, P., Hincapié, C., Kristman, V., Holm, L., Borg, J., Boussard, C. N.-D., & Hartvigsen, J. (2014) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.300 · Cited by 356
Genetic studies of quantitative MCI and AD phenotypes in ADNI: Progress, opportunities, and plans
Saykin, A. J., Shen, L., Yao, X., Kim, S., Nho, K. T., Risacher, S. L., Ramanan, V. K., Foroud, T., Faber, K. M., Sarwar, N., et al. (2015) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.009 · Cited by 307
“Indeed, it has been demonstrated that simply learning that one has a neurocognitive diagnosis [151], or that one is at increased genetic risk for AD dementia [152], can have a deleterious effect on neurocognitive performance.”
BackgroundSilverberg, N., & Iverson, G. (2013) · The journal of head trauma rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0b013e31825ad658 · Cited by 261
Metadata
- Authors
- Suhr, J. A., & Gunstad, J.
- Affiliations
- Ohio University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 448-457
- ISSN
- 0165-0475 (ISSN-L)
- 1380-3395
- 1744-411X
- OpenAlex
- W2006763036
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 1.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- negative expectations, mild traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological test performance, cognitive performance, memory, general intellect, psychomotor speed, attention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Female, Craniocerebral Trauma, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis
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