Glutamine: essential for immune nutrition in the critically ill

TH1 and TH2 Cells: Different Patterns of Lymphokine Secretion Lead to Different Functional Properties

Mosmann, T. R., & Coffman, R. L. (1989) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045 · Cited by 7,692 · see citing works

Sir Isaac Newton, sepsis, SIRS, and CARS

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Is Glutamine a Conditionally Essential Amino Acid?

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Clinical and Metabolic Efficacy of Glutamine-supplemented Parenteral Nutrition after Bone Marrow Transplantation

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Randomised trial of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on infectious morbidity in patients with multiple trauma

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Six-month outcome of critically ill patients given glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition

Griffiths, R. D., Jones, C., & Palmer, T. E. A. (1997) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(97)00017-8 · Cited by 538 · see citing works

Major Injury Leads to Predominance of the T Helper-2 Lymphocyte Phenotype and Diminished Interleukin-12 Production Associated with Decreased Resistance to Infection

O’Sullivan, S. T., Lederer, J. A., Horgan, A. F., Chin, D. H. L., Mannick, J. A., & Rodrick, M. L. (1995) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199522240-00006 · Cited by 494 · see citing works

Muscle and Plasma Amino Acids Following Injury Influence of Intercurrent Infection

ASKANAZI, J., Carpentier, Y., Michelsen, C. B., Elwyn, D. H., Fürst, P., KANTROWITZ, L. R., Gump, F. E., & KINNEY, J. M. (1980) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-198007000-00014 · Cited by 403 · see citing works

Addition of Glutamine to Total Parenteral Nutrition After Elective Abdominal Surgery Spares Free Glutamine in Muscle, Counteracts the Fall in Muscle Protein Synthesis, and Improves Nitrogen Balance

Hammarqvist, F., Wernerman, J., Ali, R., von der Decken, A., & Vinnars, E. (1989) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-198904000-00011 · Cited by 382 · see citing works

The role of high rates of glycolysis and glutamine utilization in rapidly dividing cells

Newsholme, E. A., Crabtree, B., & Ardawi, M. S. (1985) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1007/bf01116556 · Cited by 364 · see citing works

Does glutamine contribute to immunosuppression after major burns?

Parry‐Billings, M., Calder, P. C., Newsholme, E. A., & Evans, J. (1990) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)92083-t · Cited by 352 · see citing works

Monocyte HLA-DR antigen expression characterizes clinical outcome in the trauma patient

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Rates of utilization and fates of glucose, glutamine, pyruvate, fatty acids and ketone bodies by mouse macrophages

Newsholme, P., Gordon, S. B., & Newsholme, E. A. (1987) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2420631 · Cited by 311 · see citing works

Glycolysis, glutaminolysis and cell proliferation

McKeehan, W. L. (1982) · Cell Biology International Reports · doi:10.1016/0309-1651(82)90125-4 · Cited by 305 · see citing works

Changes in major histocompatibility complex class II expression in monocytes and T cells of patients developing infection after surgery

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Immunomodulatory therapies in sepsis

Kox, W. J., Volk, T. J., Kox, S. N., & Volk, H. (2000) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s001340051129 · Cited by 257 · see citing works

Enteral glutamine supplementation for very low birth weight infants decreases morbidity

Neu, J., Roig, J. C., Meetze, W. H., Veerman, M. W., Carter, C., Millsaps, M., Bowling, D., Dallas, M. J., Sleasman, J. W., Knight, T., et al. (1997) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(97)70095-7 · Cited by 253 · see citing works

Lymphocyte proliferation modulated by glutamine: involved in the endogenous redox reaction

Chang, W., Yang, K., & Shaio, M. F. (1999) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.01009.x · Cited by 247 · see citing works

Total Parenteral Nutrition With Glutamine Dipeptide After Major Abdominal Surgery

Morlion, B. J., Stehle, P., Wachtler, P., Siedhoff, H. P., Köller, M., König, W., Fürst, P., & Puchstein, C. (1998) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199802000-00022 · Cited by 238 · see citing works

Relationship of Interleukin-10 Plasma Levels to Severity of Injury and Clinical Outcome in Injured Patients

Neidhardt, R., Keel, M. J. B., Steckholzer, U., Safret, A., Ungethuem, U., Trentz, O., & Ertel, W. (1997) · doi:10.1097/00005373-199705000-00017 · Cited by 217 · see citing works

Glutamine-Supplemented Total Parenteral Nutrition Enhances T-Lymphocyte Response in Surgical Patients Undergoing Colorectal Resection

O’Riordain, M., Fearon, K. C. H., Ross, J. A., Rogers, P., Falconer, J. S., Bartolo, D. C. C., Garden, O. J., & Carter, D. C. (1994) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199408000-00014 · Cited by 209 · see citing works

Leukocyte activation in sepsis; correlations with disease state and mortality

Kobold, A. C. M., Tulleken, J. E., Zijlstra, J. G., Sluiter, W., Hermans, J., Kallenberg, C. G. M., & Tervaert, J.-W. C. (2000) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s001340051277 · Cited by 203 · see citing works

Neutrophil-mediated tissue injury and its modulation

Fujishima, S., & Aikawa, N. (1995) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01701489 · Cited by 202 · see citing works

Glutamine metabolism by lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils: its importance in health and disease

Newsholme, P., Curi, R., Pithon‐Curi, T. C., Murphy, C., Garcia, C. R. S., & de Melo, M. P. (1999) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0955-2863(99)00022-4 · Cited by 190 · see citing works

HLA-DR Expression and Soluble HLA-DR Levels in Septic Patients After Trauma

Ditschkowski, M., Kreuzfelder, E., Rebmann, V., Ferenčík, S., Majetschak, M., Schmid, E. N., Obertacke, U., Hirche, H., Schade, U. F., & Grosse‐Wilde, H. (1999) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199902000-00013 · Cited by 187 · see citing works

Effect of Glutamine on Phagocytosis and Bacterial Killing by Normal and Pediatric Burn Patient Neutrophils

Ogle, C. K., Ogle, J. D., Mao, J., Simon, J. L., Noel, J. G., Li, B., & Alexander, J. W. (1994) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607194018002128 · Cited by 176 · see citing works

Glutamine and macrophage function

Wallace, C., & Keast, D. H. (1992) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(92)90130-3 · Cited by 175 · see citing works

Immediate IL-10 expression following major orthopaedic trauma: relationship to anti-inflammatory response and subsequent development of sepsis

Giannoudis, P. V., Smith, R. M., Perry, S., Windsor, A. C. J., Dickson, R. A., & Bellamy, M. C. (2000) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s001340051320 · Cited by 153 · see citing works

Interleukin-10 Is Associated with the Development of Sepsis in Trauma Patients

Sherry, R. M., Cué, J. I., Goddard, J. K., Parramore, J. B., & DiPiro, J. T. (1996) · doi:10.1097/00005373-199604000-00016 · Cited by 150 · see citing works

Glutamine and glucose metabolism in human peripheral lymphocytes

Ardawi, M. S. M. (1988) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(88)90036-4 · Cited by 144 · see citing works

Altered Leukocyte Immunophenotypes in Septic Shock

Lin, R. Y.-W., Astiz, M. E., Saxon, J. C., & Rackow, E. C. (1993) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.104.3.847 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Glutamine utilization by rat neutrophils: presence of phosphate-dependent glutaminase

Curi, T. C. P., de Melo, M. P., Azevedo, R. B., Zorn, T. M. T., & Curi, R. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.4.c1124 · Cited by 131 · see citing works

Influence of glutamine on the phenotype and function of human monocytes

Spittler, A., Winkler, S., Götzinger, P., Oehler, R., Willheim, M., Tempfer, C. M., Weigel, G. J., Függer, R., Boltz‐Nitulescu, G., & Roth, E. (1995) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v86.4.1564.bloodjournal8641564 · Cited by 117 · see citing works

T helper cell subset ratios in patients with severe sepsis

Ferguson, N. R., Galley, H. F., & Webster, N. R. (1999) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s001340050795 · Cited by 112 · see citing works

Reduced Ex Vivo Interleukin-8 Production by Neutrophils in Septic and Nonseptic Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Marie, C., Muret, J. C., Fitting, C., Losser, M.-R., Payen, D. M., & Cavaillon, J. (1998) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v91.9.3439 · Cited by 111 · see citing works

Six-month outcome of critically ill patients given glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition*1

Griffiths, R. (1997) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(97)83050-x · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Supplemental glutamine augments phagocytosis and reactive oxygen intermediate production by neutrophils and monocytes from postoperative patients in vitro

Furukawa, S., Saito, H., Inoue, T., Matsuda, T., Fukatsu, K., Han, I., Ikeda, S., & Hidemura, A. (2000) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00228-8 · Cited by 98 · see citing works

Plasma and Skeletal Muscle Amino Acids Following Severe Burn Injury in Patients and Experimental Animals

Stinnett, J. D., ALEXANDER, J. W., Watanabe, C., MacMillan, B. G., Fischer, J. E., Morris, M. J., Trocki, O., Miskell, P. W., EDWARDS, L., & James, H. J. (1982) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-198201001-00012 · Cited by 80 · see citing works

Dietary Glutamine Enhances Murine T-Lymphocyte Responsiveness

Kew, S., Wells, S. M., Yaqoob, P., WALLACE, F. A., Miles, E. A., & Calder, P. C. (1999) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/129.8.1524 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Effect of Glutamine on Th1 and Th2 Cytokine Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Chang, W., Yang, K. D., & Shaio, M. (1999) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1006/clim.1999.4788 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Glutamine-enhanced bacterial killing by neutrophils from postoperative patients

Furukawa, S., Saito, H., Fukatsu, K., Hashiguchi, Y., Inaba, T., Lin, M., Inoue, T., Han, I., Matsuda, T., & Muto, T. (1997) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(97)00271-2 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Accelerated Glutamine Synthesis in Critically III Patients Cannot Maintain Normal Intramuscular Free Glutamine Concentration

Mittendorfer, B., Gore, D. C., Herndon, D. N., & Wolfe, R. R. (1999) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607199023005243 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Inhibition of muscle glutamine formation in hypercatabolic patients

Biolo, G., Fleming, R., Maggi, S. P., Nguyen, T. T., Herndon, D. N., & Wolfe, R. R. (2000) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0990189 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

New concepts in the pathophysiology of oxygen metabolism during sepsis

Vlessis, A. A., Goldman, R. K., & Trunkey, D. D. (1995) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.1800820705 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR expression correlates with intrapulmonary shunting after major trauma

Giannoudis, P. V., Smith, R. M., Windsor, A. C. J., Bellamy, M. C., & Guillou, P. J. (1999) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(99)00099-9 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Increased fMet-Leu-Phe receptor expression and altered superoxide production of neutrophil granulocytes in septic and posttraumatic patients

Tschaikowsky, K., Sittl, R., Braun, G. G., Hering, W., & R�gheimer, E. (1993) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00231111 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Glutamine: The Pivot of Our Nitrogen Economy?

van Acker, B. A. C., MEYENFELDT, M. F. V., van der Hulst, R. R. W. J., Hulsewé, K. W. E., Wagenmakers, A. J. M., Deutz, N. E. P., de Blaauw, I., Dejong, C. H. C., KREEL, B. K. V., & Soeters, P. B. (1999) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/014860719902300512 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Changes in mitogen responsiveness lymphocyte subsets after traumatic injury: Relation to development of sepsis

Levy, E. M., Alharbi, S., Grindlinger, G. A., & Black, P. H. (1984) · Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/0090-1229(84)90123-5 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Glutamine: a necessary nutrient for the intensive care patient

Wernerman, J., & Hammarqvist, F. (1999) · International Journal of Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1007/s003840050199 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Acquired immunoparalysis in paediatric intensive care: prospective observational study

Peters, M. J., Petros, A., Dixon, G. L. J., Inwald, D. P., & Klein, N. J. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7210.609 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

HSP70 expression in granulocytes and lymphocytes ofpatients with polytrauma: comparison with plasma glutamine

Weingartmann, G., Oehler, R., Derkits, S., Oismüller, C., Függer, R., & Roth, E. (1999) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0261-5614(99)80064-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Glutamine‐Enriched Enteral Feeding in Trauma Patients: Reduced Infectious Morbidity Is not Related to Changes in Endocrine and Metabolic Responses

Houdijk, A. P. J., Nijveldt, R. J., & van Leeuwen, P. A. M. (1999) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/014860719902300514 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Posttraumatic Auto-oxidative Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Receptor Injury Predicts the Development of Nosocomial Infection

Simms, H. H. (1997) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1997.01430260069016 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Hypophosphatemia in Patients With Chronic Renal Failure During Total Parenteral Nutrition

Druml, W., & KLEINBERGER, G. (1999) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/014860719902300145 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism

Yoo, H. C., Yu, Y. C., Sung, Y., & Han, J. M. (2020) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-020-00504-8 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works

Alpha-Ketoglutarate as a Molecule with Pleiotropic Activity: Well-Known and Novel Possibilities of Therapeutic Use

Zdzisińska, B., Żurek, A., & Kandefer-Szerszeń, M. (2017) · Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis · doi:10.1007/s00005-016-0406-x · Cited by 221 · see citing works

The Effect of Supplemental Glutamine on Growth Performance, Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract, and Humoral Immune Response of Broilers

Bartell, S. M., & Batal, A. B. (2007) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1093/ps/86.9.1940 · Cited by 190 · see citing works

Early enteral supplementation with key pharmaconutrients improves Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score in critically ill patients with sepsis: Outcome of a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial*

Beale, R. J., Sherry, T., Lei, K., Campbell-Stephen, L., McCook, J., Smith, J., Venetz, W., Alteheld, B., Stehle, P., & Schneider, H. (2008) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000297954.45251.a9 · Cited by 182 · see citing works

Optimizing Gastrointestinal Integrity in Poultry: The Role of Nutrients and Feed Additives

Adedokun, S. A., & Olojede, O. C. (2019) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2018.00348 · Cited by 166 · see citing works

Pharmaconutrition: a new emerging paradigm

Jones, N. E., & Heyland, D. K. (2008) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0b013e3282f4cdd8 · Cited by 134 · see citing works

Applications of stable isotopes in clinical pharmacology

Schellekens, R. C. A., Stellaard, F., Woerdenbag, H. J., Frijlink, H. W., & Kosterink, J. G. W. (2011) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04071.x · Cited by 132 · see citing works

Glutamine as an Immunonutrient

Kim, H. (2011) · Yonsei Medical Journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2011.52.6.892 · Cited by 126 · see citing works

A prospective randomized trial of enteral glutamine in critical illness

Hall, J. C., DOBB, G. J., Hall, J., de Sousa, R., Brennan, L., & McCauley, R. (2003) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-003-1937-2 · Cited by 126 · see citing works

Immunonutrition

Calder, P. C. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7407.117 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Sustainable ruminant production to help feed the planet

Pulina, G., Francesconi, A. H. D., Stefanon, B., Sevi, A., Calamari, L., Lacetera, N., DELL’ORTO, V., Pilla, F., Ajmone‐Marsan, P., Mele, M. L., et al. (2016) · Italian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1080/1828051x.2016.1260500 · Cited by 103 · see citing works

Response to dietary supplementation of l-glutamine and l-glutamate in broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities under hot, humid tropical conditions

Shakeri, M., ZULKIFLI, I., Farjam, A. S., O’Reilly, E. L., Eckersall, P. D., Anna, A., Kumari, S., & Abdullah, F. F. J. (2014) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps.2014-03910 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

Clinical and protein metabolic efficacy of glutamine granules-supplemented enteral nutrition in severely burned patients

Peng, X., Yan, H., You, Z., Wang, P., & Wang, S. (2005) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2004.10.027 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

Exogenous glutamine: The clinical evidence

Bongers, T., Griffiths, R. D., & McArdle, A. (2007) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000279193.23737.06 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

Does the addition of glutamine to enteral feeds affect patient mortality?*

Schulman, A. S., Willcutts, K. F., Claridge, J. A., Evans, H. L., Radigan, A. E., O’Donnell, K. B., Camden, J. R., Chong, T. W., McElearney, S. T., Smith, R. L., et al. (2005) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000185643.02676.d3 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

Muscle in defense

Lightfoot, A. P., McArdle, A., & Griffiths, R. D. (2009) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181b6f8a5 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Glutamine granule-supplemented enteral nutrition maintains immunological function in severely burned patients

Peng, X., Yan, H., You, Z., Wang, P., & Wang, S. (2006) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2005.11.020 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

l-Arginine and l-glutamine as immunonutrients and modulating agents for oxidative stress and toxicity induced by sodium nitrite in rats

El-Sheikh, N. M., & Khalil, F. A. (2010) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.039 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

Glutamine metabolism and its effects on immune response: molecular mechanism and gene expression

de Oliveira, D. C., Lima, F. D. S., Sartori, T., Santos, A. C. A., Rogero, M. M., & Fock, R. A. (2016) · Nutrire · doi:10.1186/s41110-016-0016-8 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

The Impact of Peri-operative Enteral Immunonutrition on Post-operative Complications in Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Meta-Analysis

Khan, A., Wong, J., Riedel, B., Laing, E., Beaumont, A., Kong, J. C. H., Warrier, S. K., & Heriot, A. G. (2023) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-023-13265-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Harmful effects of high amounts of glucose on the immune system: An updated review

Shomali, N., Mahmoudi, J., Mahmoodpoor, A., Zamiri, R. E., Akbari, M., Hua-xi, X., & Shotorbani, S. S. (2020) · Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/bab.1938 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Glutamine modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of NF-κB via the Akt/mTOR pathway in lung epithelial cells

Hou, Y., Chiu, W., Yeh, C., & Yeh, S. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00066.2011 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Dietary glutamine supplementation improves tissue antioxidant status and serum non-specific immunity of juvenile Hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ♀ × Huso dauricus♂)

Zhu, Q., Xu, Q., Xu, H., Wang, C. A., & Da-Jiang, S. U. N. (2011) · Journal of Applied Ichthyology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01676.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Efficacy of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition on short-term survival following allo-SCT: a randomized study

Tôrres, H. O. D. G., Vilela, E. G., da Cunha, A. S., Goulart, E. M. A., Souza, M. H. C., Aguirre, A. C. C., de Azevedo, W. M., Lodi, F. M., Silva, A. A., & Bittencourt, H. N. D. S. (2008) · Bone Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1038/bmt.2008.27 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Glutaminolysis and CD4+ T-cell metabolism in autoimmunity: From pathogenesis to therapy prospects

Feng, X., Li, X., Liu, N., Hou, N., Sun, X., & Liu, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.986847 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Frequent intravenous pulses of growth hormone together with glutamine supplementation in prolonged critical illness after multiple trauma: Effects on nitrogen balance, insulin resistance, and substrate oxidation*

Duška, F., Fric, M., Waldauf, P., Pažout, J., Anděl, M., Mokrejš, P., Tůma, P., & Pachl, J. (2008) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e318174d499 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Cytokine-stimulated nitric oxide production and inducible NO-synthase mRNA level in human intestinal cells: lack of modulation by glutamine

Marion‐Letellier, R., Coëffier, M., Leplingard, A., Favennec, L., Ducrotte, P. R., & Déchelotte, P. (2003) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0261-5614(03)00054-2 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Glutamine as a modulator of the immune system of critical care patients: Effect on Toll-like receptor expression. A preliminary study

Pérez‐Bárcena, J., Regueiro, V., Marsé, P., Raurich, J. M., Rodríguez, A., Ibáñez, J., y Mateos, A. G. D. L., & Bengoechea, J. A. (2008) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2008.01.056 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Quantitative determination of free intracellular α-keto acids in neutrophils

Mühling, J., Fuchs, M., Campos, M., Gonter, J., Engel, J. M., Sablotzki, A., Menges, T., Weiss, S., Dehne, M. G., Krüll, M., et al. (2003) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00163-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Glutamine and CXC chemokines IL-8, Mig, IP-10 and I-TAC in human intestinal epithelial cells

Marion‐Letellier, R., Coëffier, M., Gargala, G., Ducrotte, P. R., & Déchelotte, P. (2004) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2003.10.011 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

The effects of in ovo feeding of glutamine in broiler breeder eggs on hatchability, development of the gastrointestinal tract, growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens

Salmanzadeh, M., Ebrahimnezhad, Y., Shahryar, H. A., & Ghalehkandi, J. G. (2016) · Archives animal breeding/Archiv für Tierzucht · doi:10.5194/aab-59-235-2016 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Alanyl-glutamine resolves lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mice by modulating the polarization of regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells

Hou, Y., Pai, M., Liu, J., & Yeh, S. (2013) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.01.004 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Nutrition, immunity and infection

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Management of blast injuries and shock lung

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Finding a Place for Immunonutrition

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Cellular Defense System Gene Expression Profiling of Human Whole Blood: Opportunities to Predict Health Benefits in Response to Diet

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Tolerability and Safety of a Nutritional Supplement with Potential as Adjuvant in Colorectal Cancer Therapy: A Randomized Trial in Healthy Volunteers

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Reduction of Proteinuria through Podocyte Alkalinization

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Effects of prophylactic administration of glutamine on CD4 + T cell polarisation and kidney injury in mice with polymicrobial sepsis

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La nutrición enteral precoz en el enfermo grave

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A two component protocol for synthesis of 3-(2-(substituted phenylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-2H-chromen-2-ones

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Pathways involved in alanyl-glutamine-induced changes in neutrophil amino- and α-keto acid homeostasis or immunocompetence

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Does Enteral Glutamine Supplementation Decrease Infectious Morbidity?

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Antecedent Administration of Glutamine Benefits the Homeostasis of CD4+ T Cells and Attenuates Lung Injury in Mice With Gut‐Derived Polymicrobial Sepsis

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Intracellular alpha-keto acid quantification by fluorescence-HPLC

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Enteral nutritional supplementation prevents mesenteric lymph node T-cell suppression in burn injury

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Alanyl-glutamine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and barrier function injury in bovine jejunum epithelial cells

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Tackling the Aging Process With Bio-Molecules: A Possible Role for Caloric Restriction, Food-derived Nutrients, Vitamins, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Minerals

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Hypothesis: Muscular glutamine deficiency in sepsis—A necessary step for a hibernation-like state?

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Adverse postoperative outcomes in elderly patients with sarcopenia

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Targeted nutritional strategies in postoperative care

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Effects of dietary L-glutamine supplement on performance, characteristics of the carcase and intestinal morphometry in guinea fowl chickens (Numida meleagris)

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Effect of arginine or glutamine supplementation on production, organ weights, interferon gamma, interleukin 6 and antibody titre of broilers

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Effects of Dietary L-Glutamine or L-Glutamine Plus L-Glutamic Acid Supplementation Programs on the Performance and Breast Meat Yield Uniformity of 42-d-Old Broilers

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From immune-enhancing diets back to nutritional-enhancing diets

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ASSAY OF MIXED RADIOISOTOPES

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Chemical composition, pharmacology and pharmacokinetic studies of GuHong injection in the treatment of ischemic stroke

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Performance, intestinal morphometry, and incubation parameters of broiler chickens submitted to in ovo feeding with different techniques and amino acids

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Immunological effects of glutamine supplementation in polytrauma patients in intensive care unit

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The effect of glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition on nutrition and intestinal absorptive function in a rat model

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Glutamine Deprivation Causes Enhanced Plating Efficiency of a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 ICP0-Null Mutant

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Production of L-alanyl-L-glutamine by immobilized Escherichia coli expressing amino acid ester acyltransferase

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Effect of In Ovo Feeding of L-Glutamine to Chick Embryos

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Evaluation of grafting techniques and a new rootstock for resistance of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) towards Phytophthora nicotianae.

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Relationships between broiler final weights and microbiota of certain segments of the intestine

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Basics in clinical nutrition: Nutrients which influence immunity – Clinical and experimental data

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Therapeutic effects of artificial nutrition in intensive care patients: New insights

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Science‐based anti‐ageing nutritional recommendations

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Pengaruh Pemberian Glutamin pada Kemampuan Fagositosis Makrofag terhadap Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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Role of specific amino acids in nutritional support

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Glutamine: A double edge sword in the intensive care unit?*

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The Acute Phase Response

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Effects of glutamine supplementation on body composition, food intake and energy metabolism in high fat fed mice.

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Nutritional Support in Patients with Sepsis

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Conditionally essential nutrients: choline, inositol, taurine, arginine, glutamine and nucleotides

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The Effects of in ovo Administration of Glutamine on Hatchability, Subsequent Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Immune Response and some of Blood Parameter in Broiler Chickens

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Natural Killer Cell Assay

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Gine Tavuklarında (Numida meleagris) Diyete L-glutamin İlavesinin Yumurta Kalitesi, Fertilite ve Bazı Kan Biyokimyasal Değerleri Üzerine Etkisi

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The metabolic signature of excessive endurance exercise—A prospective study in Tour de France cyclists

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Integrative serum metabolite prioritization and functional screening identify N-acetyl-L-glutamine as a protective candidate in premature ovarian insufficiency

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Formation of carboxylic acids in rats and humans given indigestible carbohydrates

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Дія L-глутамінової кислоти та піридоксину на імунологічні й гематологічні показники за дії епінефрин-індукованого стресу в щурів

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Ornithine decarboxylase activity is inhibited by the polyamine precursor amino acids at the protein stability level in Caco-2 cells

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Neonatal Nutrition and Immunity

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Glutamine Parenteral Nutrition in Pneumonia

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Formation of carboxylic acids in rats and humans given indigestible carbohydrates Effects of monomeric composition, solubility, molecular weight and probiotics

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Glutamine Parenteral Nutrition in Pneumonia

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Glutamine: The struggle for proof?*

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Inmunonutrición en el adulto mayor

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SIRS/Sepsis: Metabolic and Nutritional Changes and Treatment

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Fat Embolism Syndrome and Role of Immunomodulation: A Case Report

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12. Enteral nutrition with L-glutamine in sepsis patients

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