The DOI matches its Crossref record; 190 of the 193 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dietary α-linolenic acid and health-related outcomes: a metabolic perspective
Open accessAbstract
alpha-Linolenic acid (alphaLNA; 18: 3n-3) is essential in the human diet, probably because it is the substrate for the synthesis of longer-chain, more unsaturated n-3 fatty acids, principally EPA (20: 5n-3) and DHA (22: 6n-3), which confer important biophysical properties on cell membranes and so are required for tissue function. The extent to which this molecular transformation occurs in man is controversial. The present paper reviews the recent literature on the metabolism of alphaLNA in man, including the use of dietary alphaLNA in beta-oxidation, recycling of carbon by fatty acid synthesis de novo and conversion to longer-chain PUFA. Sex differences in alphaLNA metabolism and the possible biological consequences are discussed. Increased consumption of EPA and DHA in fish oil has a number of well-characterised beneficial effects on health. The present paper also reviews the efficacy of increased alphaLNA consumption in increasing the concentrations of EPA and DHA in blood and cell lipid pools, and the extent to which such dietary interventions might be protective against CVD and inflammation. Although the effects on CVD risk factors and inflammatory markers are variable, where beneficial effects have been reported these are weaker than have been achieved from increasing consumption of EPA+DHA or linoleic acid. Overall, the limited capacity for conversion to longer-chain n-3 fatty acids, and the lack of efficacy in ameliorating CVD risk factors and inflammatory markers in man suggests that increased consumption of alphaLNA may be of little benefit in altering EPA+DHA status or in improving health outcomes compared with other dietary interventions.
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“Dietary patterns consistent with vegetarianism were associated with lower concentrations of markers of chronic low-grade inflammation and endothelial function when compared with non-vegetarian diets (294 -296) .”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [295]
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“Specifically, plasma CRP concentration averaged 0•77 and 1•30 mg/l in vegetarians and non-vegetarians, respectively.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [295]
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Correia, H. R., Balseiro, S., Correia, E. R., Mota, P. G., & Areia, M. L. D. (2003) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.10233 · Cited by 10
RetractedFish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease
Kris-Etherton, P. M., Harris, W. S., & Appel, L. J. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000038493.65177.94 · Cited by 3,707
Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
de Lorgeril, M., Renaud, S., Salen, P., Monjaud, I., Mamelle, N., Martin, J. L., Guidollet, J., Touboul, P., & Delaye, J. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92580-1 · Cited by 2,122
EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID AND PREVENTION OF THROMBOSIS AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS?
Dyerberg, J. (1978) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(78)91505-2 · Cited by 1,692
Lewis (1990) · doi:10.1056/nejm199009063231006 · Cited by 1,200
Lauritzen, L. (2001) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0163-7827(00)00017-5 · Cited by 1,066
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States
Kris-Etherton, P., Taylor, D. S., Yu-Poth, S., Huth, P., Moriarty, K., Fishell, V., Hargrove, R. L., Zhao, G., & Etherton, T. D. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.1.179s · Cited by 1,023
The Composition of Food Consumed by Greenland Eskimos
Bang, H. O., Dyerberg, J., & Hjørne, N. (1976) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1976.tb08198.x · Cited by 950
Neuringer, M. D., CONNOR, W. E., Lin, D. S., Barstad, L., & Luck, S. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.11.4021 · Cited by 914
Mixed messages: modulation of inflammation and immune responses by prostaglandins and thromboxanes
Tilley, S. L., Coffman, T. M., & Koller, B. H. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci13416 · Cited by 892
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 193 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- 1997, Dietary Intake of Iodine and Fatty Acids. Food Information Surveillance Sheet no. 127
- 1992, Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Nutritional and Physiological Significance
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Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance
Calder, P. C. (2015) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.010 · Cited by 1,717
Self-citationOmega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: nutrition or pharmacology?
Calder, P. C. (2012) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04374.x · Cited by 1,429
Self-citationFunctional Roles of Fatty Acids and Their Effects on Human Health
Calder, P. C. (2015) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607115595980 · Cited by 1,276
Self-citationDietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity
Calder, P. C., Ahluwalia, N., Brouns, F., Buetler, T., Clement, K., Cunningham, K., Esposito, K., Jönsson, L. S., Kolb, H., Lansink, M., et al. (2011) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511005460 · Cited by 1,098
Self-citationMechanisms of Action of (n-3) Fatty Acids,
Calder, P. C. (2012) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.111.155259 · Cited by 920
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Metadata
- Authors
- Burdge, G. C., & Calder, P. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Calder, Philip C
- Venue
- Nutrition Research Reviews
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 26-52
- ISSN
- 0954-4224 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2700
- OpenAlex
- W2158718693
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 193
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 13.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nutrition Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, docosahexaenoic acid, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, sex differences, cardiovascular risk, inflammation, fatty acid beta-oxidation, de novo lipogenesis, membrane lipids, dietary intervention
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