Factors which influence ‘healthy’ eating patterns: results from the 1993 Health Education Authority health and lifestyle survey in England
Open accessAbstract
Objective: This study explores the factors that influence eating patterns in a nationally representative sample of the English population. Design: Subjects were interviewed in 1993; questions covered basic demographic details, attitudes about nutrition, and they completed a short food frequency questionnaire that had previously been validated. Cluster analysis was used to summarize dietary intake into more or less healthy clusters. Setting: A random sample ofthe English population. Subjects: A cross-sectional survey of 5553 men and women (response rate 70%) aged between 16 and 74 years. Results: As defined from the cluster analysis about half the sample were currently reporting a more healthy diet; respondents in the better educated middle-aged demographic cluster were more likely to report eating a more healthy diet than respondents in the younger lower-income family cluster. About three-quarters of all respondents believed that they either already ate a healthy diet or had changed to a healthy diet in the last 3 years. For those respondents who said they were eating a healthy diet about half of them were eating a more healthy diet. Respondents who had not changed their diet were more likely than those who had to believe that healthy foods were just another fashion (men 34% v. 13%; women 30% v. 12%). or expensive (men 50% v. 35%; women 53% v. 40%); they were less likely to care about what they ate (men 45% v. 13%; women 27% v. 7%). Nearly three-quarters of all respondents agreed that experts never agree about what foods are good for you. Younger, low-income families, and those who smoked, were the group least likely to be eating a more healthy diet. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that about half of the population has reported a change to a healthier diet over the last 3 years and that overall about half of the population report eating a healthy diet. Those who had not made any change and were currently reporting a less healthy diet were more likely to smoke and come from the 'worse off' group in the survey; they were also more likely to hold negative attitudes about healthy eating. A more focused and integrated approach to promoting Dietary change healthy lifestyle in general is required, while at the same time ensuring that there is healthy eating continued support for the majority of the population who have made healthy dietary Cluster analysis changes.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Older age may be associated with more healthful dietary patterns and better adherence, such as higher fruit consumption.
“Older age may be associated with more healthful dietary patterns and better adherence, such as higher consumption of fruits.159–163”
Evidence suggests that older age itself does not significantly reduce response to physical activity or dietary interventions.
“Evidence suggests that older age per se does not significantly reduce the response to PA or dietary interventions.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Survey Methods in Social Investigation.
T., C. G., & Moser, C. A. (1958) · The Incorporated Statistician · doi:10.2307/2986383 · Cited by 1,438 · see citing works
Statistical methods in medical research
Menduke, H. (1972) · Journal of the Franklin Institute · doi:10.1016/0016-0032(72)90050-6 · Cited by 1,271 · see citing works
The dietary and nutritional survey of British adults
(1990) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/0924-2244(90)90106-9 · Cited by 884 · see citing works
Oliver, F. R. (1974) · Social Policy and Administration · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9515.1974.tb00722.x · Cited by 872 · see citing works
Shaper, A. G. (1988) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.64.750.340-a · Cited by 320 · see citing works
THE HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE SURVEY
Blaxter, M. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203393000-7 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Dietary Intervention in Primary Care: Validity of the DINE Method for Diet Assessment
Roe, L. S., Strong, C., Whiteside, C., Neil, A., & Mant, D. (1994) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/11.4.375 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Margetts, B. M., & Jackson, A. A. (1993) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6916.1381 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationSurvey Methods in Social Investigation
Grinyer, P. H. (1973) · Journal of the Operational Research Society · doi:10.1057/jors.1973.31 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Attitudes and Behaviors Related to Fruits and Vegetables among Low-income Women in the WIC Program
Treiman, K., Freimuth, V. S., Damron, D. J., Lasswell, A. B., Anliker, J. A., Havas, S., LANGENBERG, P. W., & Feldman, R. H. L. (1996) · Journal of Nutrition Education · doi:10.1016/s0022-3182(96)70050-x · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Elderly Men: The Zutphen Elderly Study
HUIJBREGTS, P. P. C. W., Feskens, E. J. M., & Kromhout, D. (1995) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/24.2.313 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Factors affecting response to an invitation to attend for a health check.
Thorogood, M., Coulter, A., Jones, L., Yudkin, P. L., Muir, J., & Mant, D. (1993) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.47.3.224 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Millen, B. E., Quatromoni, P. A., GAGNON, D. R., Cupples, L. A., FRANZ, M. M., & D’Agostino, R. B. (1996) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-11.1.42 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
A TREE-BASED METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR PROSPECTIVE STUDIES
Heping Zhang, D., Holford, T. R., & Bracken, M. B. (1996) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19960115)15:1 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Worsley, A., & Crawford, D. A. (1985) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(85)80040-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Consumer perceptions of dietary changes for reducing fat intake
Paisley, C. M., Lloyd, H. M., SPARKS, P. B., & Mela, D. J. (1995) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/0271-5317(95)02045-4 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Dietary beliefs, practices and attitudes of adults in an inner city population
Griffiths, S., Chipperfield, B., Todd, S., Rushton, C. M., & McCarthy, M. (1994) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-277x.1994.tb00275.x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Devine CM, Sandstrom B. Danish women's attitudes and beliefs ahout dietary Fat: age group differences. Scnnd. ./. Nutr. 1995; 39: 98-102.
- Kish L. S21ruq~ Sampling. New York: Wiley. 1965.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Development, validation and utilisation of food-frequency questionnaires – a review
Cade, J., Thompson, R., Burley, V., & Warm, D. (2002) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn2001318 · Cited by 1,423 · see citing works
Self-citationEmpirically derived eating patterns using factor or cluster analysis: a review
Newby, P. K., & Tucker, K. L. (2004) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00040.x · Cited by 1,248 · see citing works
Dietary patterns and health outcomes
Kant, A. K. (2004) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.010 · Cited by 1,024 · see citing works
Artinian, N. T., Fletcher, G. F., Mozaffarian, D., Kris-Etherton, P., Van Horn, L., Lichtenstein, A. H., Kumanyika, S., Kraus, W. E., Fleg, J. L., Redeker, N. S., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3181e8edf1 · Cited by 919 · see citing works
Deprivation, Diet, and Food-Retail Access: Findings from the Leeds ‘Food Deserts' Study
Wrigley, N., Warm, D. L., & Margetts, B. (2003) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a35150 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Self-citationDesigner eggs: from improvement of egg composition to functional food
Surai, P. F., & Sparks, N. H. C. (2001) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/s0924-2244(01)00048-6 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
A pan EU survey of consumer attitudes to food, nutrition and health: an overview
Lappalainen, R. I., Kearney, J., & Gibney, M. J. (1998) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/s0950-3293(98)00018-4 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Assessing the Impact of Improved Retail Access on Diet in a 'Food Desert': A Preliminary Report
Wrigley, N., Warm, D. L., Margetts, B., & Whelan, A. (2002) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1080/0042098022000011362 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Self-citationChapman, J., Armitage, C. J., & Norman, P. E. (2008) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440701864538 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Johnson, F., Wardle, J., & Griffith, J. (2002) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601371 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Fraser, G. E., Welch, A., Luben, R., Bingham, S. A., & Day, N. E. (2000) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1999.0598 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Devlin, U., McNulty, B. A., Nugent, A. P., & Gibney, M. J. (2012) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665112000729 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Dietary patterns in the Southampton Women's Survey
Crozier, S., Robinson, S. M., Borland, S. E., Inskip, H. M., & and the SWS Study Group (2006) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602469 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Villegas, R., Yang, G., Gao, Y., Cai, H. X., Li, H., Zheng, W., & Shu, X. (2010) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyq008 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Tovar, A., Must, A., Bermúdez, O. I., Hyatt, R. R., & Chasan‐Taber, L. (2008) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-008-0381-x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Consumers' health perceptions of three types of milk: a survey in Australia
Bus, A. E. M., & Worsley, A. F. (2003) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/s0195-6663(03)00004-7 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Malon, A., Deschamps, V., Salanave, B., Vernay, M., Szego, E., Estaquio, C., Kesse‐Guyot, E., Herçberg, S., & Castetbon, K. (2010) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2010.03.027 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Perrin, A.-É., Dallongeville, J., Ducimetière, P., Ruidavets, J., Schlienger, J.-L., Arveiler, D., & Simon, C. (2005) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20041280 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Lake, A. A., Adamson, A., Craigie, A. M., Rugg-Gunn, A. J., & Mathers, J. C. (2009) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000219819 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Northstone, K., Smith, A. D. A. C., Newby, P. K., & Emmett, P. M. (2012) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512004072 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Hart, L., Damiano, S. R., Chittleborough, P., Paxton, S. J., & Jorm, A. F. (2014) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.06.010 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Kearney, M. J., Kelly, A., & Gibney, M. J. (1998) · Journal of Nutrition Education · doi:10.1016/s0022-3182(98)70304-8 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Agnoli, C., Pounis, G., & Krogh, V. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814556-2.00004-x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Soziale Ungleichheit im Ernährungsverhalten
Fekete, C., & Weyers, S. (2015) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-015-2279-2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Rezazadeh, A., Omidvar, N., Eini‐Zinab, H., Ghazi-Tabatabaie, M., Majdzadeh, R., Ghavamzadeh, S., & Saeidlou, S. N. (2016) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980016001634 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Glock, S., Müller, B. C. N., & Krolak-Schwerdt, S. (2013) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12023 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Biltoft-Jensen, A. P., Groth, M. V., Matthiessen, J., Wachmann, H., Christensen, T., & Fagt, S. (2008) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980008003662 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
ANTIOXIDANT-PROOXIDANT BALANCE IN THE INTESTINE: FOOD FOR THOUGHT 1. PROOXIDANTS
Surai, K. P., Surai, P. F., Speake, B. K., & Sparks, N. H. C. (2003) · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Socio-Economic Status and Obesity in Childhood
Johnson, F., Pratt, M. L., & Wardle, J. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6039-9_21 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Blades, M. (2001) · Nutrition & Food Science · doi:10.1108/00346650110366982 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ready to Eat Food Perception, Food Preferences and Food Choice: A Theoretical DiscussionPreprint
Patel, D., & Rathod, R. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4975357 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Bakhotmah, B. A. (2012) · Ecology of Food and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/03670244.2012.691388 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Diferencias en el consumo de alimentos y nutrientes según el hábito tabáquico
Elizondo, J. J., Guillén, F., & Aguinaga, I. (2006) · Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra · doi:10.4321/s1137-66272006000100004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Healthful Eating:Beyond Food, a Global Concept
Hamelin, A.-M., Lamontagne, C., Ouellet, D., Pouliot, N., & O’Brien, H. T. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research · doi:10.3148/71.2.2010.98 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Health Risk Behavior of Rural Low‐Income Expectant Fathers
Everett, K. D., Bullock, L., Gage, J. D., Longo, D. R., Geden, E. A., & Madsen, R. (2006) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1446.2006.00565.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Félix, P. V., Sales, C. H., Vieira, D. A. S., Fontanelli, M. D. M., Marchioni, D. M. L., & Fisberg, R. M. (2015) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2015.12.011 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lack of Association between Self-reported Saltiness of Eating and Actual Salt Intake
Chang, Y., Park, M.-S., Chung, S.-Y., Lee, S. Y., Kwon, H. T., & Lee, J.-U. (2012) · Korean Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.4082/kjfm.2012.33.2.94 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Investigation of population heterogeneity of diet use among middle-aged Australians
Wang, W., Worsley, A., Cunningham, E. G., & Hunter, W. (2010) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510004745 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Soziale Ungleichheit im Ernährungsverhalten: Befundlage, Ursachen und Interventionen
Fekete, C., & Weyers, S. (2016) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of Psychosocial Nutrition Interventions for Young Adults
Shimizu, R., Rodwin, A. H., & Munson, M. R. (2021) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2021.01.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Natural Antioxidants in Land- and Marine-Based Wild-Type Food
Surai, P. F., Benadé, A. J. S., & Speake, B. K. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-330-1_25 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Artinian, N. T., Fletcher, G. F., Mozaffarian, D., Kris‐Etherton, P. M., Horn, L. V., Lichtenstein, A. H., Kumanyika, S., Kraus, W. E., Fleg, J. L., Redeker, N. S., et al. (2010) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Eating Habits and Academic Performance of College Students in a Private School
Resimo, J. G., Rosa, M. C. M. D., Tesiorna, J. G., Guazon, C. G. B., & Ederio, N. T. (2024) · International Journal of Current Science Research and Review · doi:10.47191/ijcsrr/v7-i5-86 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Antwi, J., Olawuyi, Y., Ifafore, M., & Opara, I. (2024) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2024.10.013 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Williams, V. (2012) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow)
Dietary risk factors for prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Ambrosini, G. L. (2007) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)
Williams, B. J. (2003) · DigitalCommons (California Polytechnic State University)
Three Essays on Public Policy, Human Capital, and Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence
Gilpin, G. A. (2009) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University)
Food, physical activity and climate change perspectives in relationship to allotment ownership
Hunt, A., Burek, C. V., & Ellahi, B. (2012) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665112000511
Chang, Y., Park, M., Chung, S.-Y., Lee, S. Y., Kwon, H. T., & Lee, J.-U. (2016)
Review of the journal ‘Public Health Nutrition’, first volume 1998
Bingham, S. A. (1999) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s000711459900121x
Shrestha, D. (2012) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)
dos Santos, P. V. F. (2019) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.6.2019.tde-11122020-120440
- Authors
- Margetts, B., Thompson, R., Speller, V, & McVey, D.
- Affiliations
- Southampton General Hospital (GB)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Margetts, BM
- Venue
- Public Health Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1998-09
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 193-198
- ISSN
- 1368-9800 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2727
- OpenAlex
- W2106714131
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Public Health Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Lifestyle Studies
- Keywords
- healthy eating, dietary habits, nutrition attitudes, dietary change, socioeconomic status, smoking, educational attainment, food frequency questionnaire
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Demography, Diet, England, Feeding Behavior, Female, Health Education, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Behavior, Cluster Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
