CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 133Air Quality and Health ImpactsIndoor Air Quality and Microbial ExposureClimate Change and Health Impacts

Effects of ambient particulate matter and ozone on daily mortality in Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Open access
Hoek, Gerard, Schwartz, Joel D., Groot, Bernard, Eilers, Paul·1997·Archives of Environmental Health An International Journal
DOI 10.1080/00039899709602224
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The association between daily variations in all-cause mortality from 1983-1991 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and ambient air pollution was investigated. Twenty-four-hour average concentrations of total suspended particulates, Black Smoke, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide were available on a daily basis. Every other day, total iron content in total suspended particulates samples was available. Poisson regression analysis was used to study associations between air pollution and mortality; generalized additive models were used to adjust for confounders (e.g., seasonal trends, weather). Daily mortality was associated most consistently with previous-day concentrations of total suspended particulates (relative risk = 1.05 for a change of 91 microg/m3) and ozone (relative risk = 1.06 for a change of 67 microg/m3). Total iron was associated less consistently with mortality than total suspended particulate mass was. The associations of mortality with ozone and total suspended particulates were independent of sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. The relative risks of total suspended particulates and particularly ozone were higher for subjects older than 78 y. The relationship between mortality and ozone did not deviate significantly from linear. The relationship between mortality and total suspended particulates was linear below 100 microg/m3 and leveled off at higher concentrations. If a threshold exists for the effects on mortality of these components, it exists at very low levels.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/00039899709602224

Cites

50 of 50 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Hoek et al. (1997) found that relative risk estimates of mortality associated with daily changes in O3 were robust to exclusion of days with a 24-hr average ≥ 40 μg/m3 (about 20 ppb) in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and concluded that should a threshold exist, it may be at a low concentration.

    “Hoek et al. (1997) found that relative risk estimates of mortality associated with daily changes in O3 were robust to exclusion of days with a 24-hr average ≥ 40 μg/m3 (about 20 ppb) in a study of Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and concluded that should a threshold exist, it may be at a low concentration.”

    From The Exposure–Response Curve for Ozone and Risk of Mortality and the Adequacy of Current Ozone Regulations (2006) · cites this paper as Hoek et al. (1997)

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Hoek, G., Schwartz, J. D., Groot, B., & Eilers, P.
Affiliations
  • Wageningen University & Research (NL)
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Gemeente Rotterdam (NL)
  • DCMR Milieudienst Rijnmond (NL)
ORCID
Venue
Archives of Environmental Health An International Journal
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
1997-11
Volume
52
Issue
6
Pages
455-463
ISSN
0003-9896 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1080/00039899709602224
OpenAlex
W2130908179
Cited by
133
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
FWCI
7.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Archives of Environmental Health An International Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
Keywords
ambient air pollution, particulate matter, ozone, all-cause mortality, daily mortality, total suspended particulates, black smoke, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, iron content, dose-response relationship, threshold, older adults, Rotterdam
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Aged, Air Pollutants, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Mortality, Netherlands, Ozone, Risk, Seasons, Urban Health, Models, Statistical, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Poisson Distribution

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review