The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clinician-Assisted Internet-Based Treatment is Effective for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of an Internet-based clinician-assisted computerized cognitive behavioural treatment (CaCCBT) programme for generalized anxiety disorder (the Worry programme). Methods: Forty-eight individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were randomly assigned to the Worry programme or to a waitlist control group. In the clinician-assisted Worry programme, participants complete six online lessons, weekly homework assignments, receive weekly email contact from a clinical psychologist, and contribute to a moderated online discussion forum with other participants. An intention-to-treat model was used for data analyses. The main outcome measures were Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 Item Scale (GAD-7) and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Results: A total of 75% of treatment group participants completed all six lessons within the 9 week programme and post-treatment data were collected from 21/24 treatment group and 19/21 control group participants. Treatment group participants reported significantly reduced symptoms of worry as measured on the GAD-7 and PSWQ and reduced symptoms of depression as measured on the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 Item Scale (PHQ-9). Mean within- and between-groups effect sizes (Cohen's d) across the two measures of GAD were 1.3 and 1.1, respectively. Participants found the treatment programme acceptable and satisfactory. The clinician spent a total mean of 130 min per person over the programme. Conclusions: The Worry programme, the first randomized controlled trial of CaCCBT for GAD, resulted in clinically significant improvements. These results are consistent with literature indicating that Internet-based programmes, when combined with clinical guidance, can significantly reduce the symptoms of common mental disorders.
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In the citing paper
“Previous ICBT studies on GAD indicate that ICBT can be effective.”
From Internet-delivered acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot study (2016) · cites this paper as Titov et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“a number of studies have investigated the potential for internet-delivered treatments for GAD and they have reported significant post-treatment and follow-up gains [33,48-51] similar to those found in face-to-face treatment studies [52].”
From Low-intensity internet-delivered treatment for generalized anxiety symptoms in routine care: protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“However, only a handful of studies have investigated the efficacy and effectiveness of low-intensity internet-delivered treatments for GAD [33,48-51].”
From Low-intensity internet-delivered treatment for generalized anxiety symptoms in routine care: protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as [51]
Citations
Cites
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A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765
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Self-citationDevelopment and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire
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“Univariate ANCOVAs on post-treatment GAD-7 and PSWQ scores, controlling for pre-treatment scores (Table 1), showed that the treatment group had significantly lower post-treatment scores than the control group (F1,42 27.38, p B 0.001; F1,42 12.89, p B 0.001), respectively.”
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“Pre-treatment expectancies and treatment satisfaction Pre-treatment expectancies, as measured on the expectancy factors from the CEQ, were not significantly correlated with any of the outcome measure change scores.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialInternet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis
SPEK, V., CUIJPERS, P., NYKLÍČEK, I., RIPER, H., KEYZER, J., & POP, V. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706008944 · Cited by 1,586
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Persuasive System Design Does Matter: a Systematic Review of Adherence to Web-based Interventions
Kelders, S. M., Kok, R. N., Ossebaard, H. C., & Van Gemert-Pijnen, J. E. (2012) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2104 · Cited by 1,308
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Self-citationAdvantages and limitations of Internet-based interventions for common mental disorders
Andersson, G., & Titov, N. (2014) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20083 · Cited by 1,160
Self-citationAndrews, G., Basu, A., Cuijpers, P., Craske, M. G., McEvoy, P., English, C. L., & Newby, J. M. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.01.001 · Cited by 922
Self-citationInternet-Delivered Psychological Treatments
Andersson, G. (2016) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093006 · Cited by 595
Metadata
- Authors
- Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Titov, Nickolai
- Venue
- Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-01-01
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 905-912
- ISSN
- 0004-8674 (ISSN-L)
- 1440-1614
- OpenAlex
- W2102373238
- Semantic Scholar
- 0c00964dd9a9544f82e95160878f9726632ce6dc
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 14.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Rotary Health
- University of New South Wales
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Keywords
- generalized anxiety disorder, online therapy, worry, depression, treatment acceptability
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