THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNET COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY FOR GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: Research Article: iCBT for GAD in General Practice
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of internet cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The current study aims to determine whether these efficacy findings, established under controlled research conditions, translate into effectiveness in practice. METHODS: The sample comprised 588 patients who completed at least one iCBT lesson for GAD through CRUfAD clinic (www.crufadclinic.org). This six-lesson course became available to primary care physicians to prescribe in 2009. Routine data collection included demographics, GAD symptomatology (GAD-7), psychological distress (K-10), and disability (WHODAS). RESULTS: All six lessons were completed by 324/588 (55.1%) patients. When compared with completers, noncompleters tended to be younger and based in rural locations. Prior to discontinuing the course, noncompleters demonstrated statistically significant reductions in psychological distress. For those who completed the course, effect sizes on all outcome measures were medium to large and over 60% of moderate-to-severe GAD cases met criteria for remission upon treatment completion. CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicates that computerized CBT for GAD is effective in generating positive, clinically significant outcomes among typical patients treated under the usual conditions in primary care. Future research should focus on reducing treatment discontinuation among younger people and those based in rural locations.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Older, compared with younger, individuals are more likely to adhere to iCBT programs when completed under the care of their primary care physician.
“Consistent with the current results, previous research has also indicated that older, compared with younger, individuals are more likely to adhere to these programs when completed under the care of their primary care physician [7], [10].”
Eight papers regarding six different trials measured rural location as a predictor of outcomes, adherence, or acceptability.
“Eight papers regarding six different trials measured rural location as a predictor of outcomes, adherence, or acceptability [38-45].”
From Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety and depression in rural areas:a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [42]
Mewton and colleagues found that rural participants were significantly less likely to complete CCBT, with urban participants almost twice as likely to complete the full course.
“In contrast, Mewton and colleagues found that rural participants were significantly less likely to complete CCBT, with urban participants almost twice as likely to complete the full course [42].”
From Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety and depression in rural areas:a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [42]
The three other studies were rated as likely to be at low risk of bias.
“The three other studies were rated as likely to be at low risk of bias [39,42,43].”
From Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety and depression in rural areas:a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [42]
Cites
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765 · see citing works
Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys
Rubin, D. B. (1987) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9780470316696 · Cited by 20,701 · see citing works
KESSLER, R. C., ANDREWS, G., COLPE, L. J., HIRIPI, E., MROCZEK, D. K., NORMAND, S.-L. T., WALTERS, E. E., & ZASLAVSKY, A. M. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006074 · Cited by 10,327 · see citing works
Self-citationJacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770 · see citing works
A comparison of inclusive and restrictive strategies in modern missing data procedures.
Collins, L. M., Schafer, J. L., & Kam, C.-M. (2001) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.6.4.330 · Cited by 2,389 · see citing works
Statistical Analysis with Missing Data.
Chatfield, C., Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1988) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.2307/2982783 · Cited by 2,203 · see citing works
Andrews, G., Cuijpers, P., Craske, M. G., McEvoy, P., & Titov, N. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013196 · Cited by 1,311 · see citing works
Self-citationAdherence in Internet Interventions for Anxiety and Depression
Christensen, H., Griffiths, K. M., & Farrer, L. (2009) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1194 · Cited by 1,133 · see citing works
Application of random-effects pattern-mixture models for missing data in longitudinal studies.
Hedeker, D., & Gibbons, R. D. (1997) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.2.1.64 · Cited by 907 · see citing works
Depression, anxiety and somatization in primary care: Syndrome overlap and functional impairment
Löwe, B., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Mussell, M., Schellberg, D., & Kroenke, K. (2008) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.01.001 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Stewart, R. E., & Chambless, D. L. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016032 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Roy-Byrne, P., Craske, M. G., Sullivan, G., Rose, R. D., Edlund, M. J., Lang, A. J., Bystritsky, A., Welch, S. S., Chavira, D. A., Golinelli, D., et al. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.608 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Edlund, M. J., Wang, P. S., Berglund, P. A., Katz, S. J., Lin, E., & Kessler, R. C. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.5.845 · Cited by 439 · cited 1× · see citing works
“lack of treatment adherence among younger age groups may partially explain the poor prognostic outcomes of those with early onset of mental illness.[31] Clearly, interventions and health care policies designed and targeted at younger age groups need to be prioritized.”
BackgroundNormative data for the 12 item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0
Andrews, G., Kemp, A., Sunderland, M., Von Korff, M., & Ustun, T. B. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008343 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Tyrer, P., & Baldwin, D. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69865-6 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Waller, R., & Gilbody, S. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708004224 · Cited by 393 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, a recent meta-analysis of 32 computerized CBT efficacy trials found that completion rates ranged from 12 to 100% with a median of 56%.[28] Thus, although the completion rates were not comparable to those reported in the two benchmarking studies, the current rate of attrition is within the range of that report…”
ResultGriffiths, K. M., Farrer, L., & Christensen, H. (2010) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03685.x · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942 · Cited by 277 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[6, 7] Two studies included in the review by Andrews et al (2010) focused on iCBT for GAD specifically.[8, 9] These studies found significant reductions in primary (GAD symptoms) and secondary outcomes (depression symptoms, psychological distress, and disability) for the treatment groups (effect sizes were all moderat…”
ResultHilvert-Bruce, Z., Rossouw, P. J., Wong, N., Sunderland, M., & Andrews, G. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.04.001 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Self-citationStudying the effectiveness of psychotherapy: How well can clinical trials do the job?
Jacobson, N. S., & Christensen, A. (1996) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.51.10.1031 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670903179269 · Cited by 147 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[6, 7] Two studies included in the review by Andrews et al (2010) focused on iCBT for GAD specifically.[8, 9] These studies found significant reductions in primary (GAD symptoms) and secondary outcomes (depression symptoms, psychological distress, and disability) for the treatment groups (effect sizes were all moderat…”
ResultSelf-citationPatterns and correlates of generalized anxiety disorder in community samples.
Kessler, R. C., & Wïttchen, H. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Sunderland, M., Wong, N., Hilvert-Bruce, Z., & Andrews, G. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.005 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Baron, M., Schieir, O., Hudson, M., Steele, R., Kolahi, S., Berkson, L., Couture, F., Fitzcharles, M. A., Gagné, M., Garfield, B., et al. (2008) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.23314 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Jellinek, M. (1978) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.135.2.209 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Gale, C. K., & Davidson, O. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39133.559282.be · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care
Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867412437345 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The Effect of Referral Procedures on Aftercare Compliance
Sk, S., Hall, R. C. W., & Gardner, E. R. (1980) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.31.8.567 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Gonda, T., Deane, F. P., & Murugesan, G. (2012) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867412445527 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction — coming to terms with an oxymoron
Macdonald, P. S. (2010) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03390.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 31 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Andrews, G., Basu, A., Cuijpers, P., Craske, M. G., McEvoy, P., English, C. L., & Newby, J. M. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.01.001 · Cited by 922 · see citing works
Self-citationResponse rates for CBT for anxiety disorders: need for standardized criteria
Loerinc, A. G., Meuret, A. E., Twohig, M. P., Rosenfield, D., Bluett, E. J., & Craske, M. G. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.08.004 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
World Health Organization disability assessment schedule 2.0: An international systematic review
Federici, S., Bracalenti, M., Meloni, F., & Luciano, J. V. (2016) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1223177 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Beard, C., & Björgvinsson, T. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.06.002 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Andrews, G., Bell, C., Boyce, P., Gale, C., Lampe, L., Marwat, O., Rapee, R., & Wilkins, G. (2018) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867418799453 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Self-citationHedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Kaldo, V., Hesser, H., El Alaoui, S., Kraepelien, M., Andersson, E., Rück, C., Svanborg, C., Andersson, G., et al. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.023 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Staples, L. G., Bennett-Levy, J., Klein, B., Rapee, R. M., Shann, C., Richards, D., Andersson, G., Ritterband, L., et al. (2015) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201400477 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Newby, J. M., Mackenzie, A., Williams, A. D., McIntyre, K., Watts, S., Wong, N., & Andrews, G. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000111 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationTitov, N., Dear, B. F., Staples, L. G., Bennett-Levy, J., Klein, B., Rapee, R. M., Andersson, G., Purtell, C., Bezuidenhout, G., & Nielssen, O. B. (2017) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867416671598 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Regular Clinical Settings
Andersson, G., & Hedman, E. (2013) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000354779 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Pearl, S. B., & Norton, P. J. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.004 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Nordgren, L. B., Hedman, E., Etienne, J., Bodin, J., Kadowaki, Å., Eriksson, S., Lindkvist, E., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.05.007 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Williams, A. D., & Andrews, G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057447 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Cornish, P. A., Berry, G., Benton, S. A., Barros-Gomes, P., Johnson, D., Ginsburg, R., Whelan, B., Fawcett, E. J., & Romano, V. (2017) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000158 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Guided internet-based CBT for common mental disorders
Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Ljótsson, B., & Hedman, E. (2013) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-013-9237-9 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Richards, D., Richardson, T., Timulak, L., & McElvaney, J. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.07.003 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“Most studies included a measure that specifically assessed GAD, such as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Inventory-7 (GAD-7) (Dear et al., 2011; Mewton et al., 2012; Sunderland et al., 2012; Zou et al., 2012); and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) (Dear et al.”
BackgroundMayo-Wilson, E., & Montgomery, P. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005330.pub4 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Vallury, K. D., Jones, M., & Oosterbroek, C. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4145 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“One extra study was identified by hand searching at this stage, resulting in 11 studies being finally included in this review [38-48].”
InfluentialKenter, R. M. F., van de Ven, P. M., Cuijpers, P., Koole, G., Niamat, S., Gerrits, R. S., Willems, M., & van Straten, A. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.01.001 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Apolinário-Hagen, J., Drüge, M., & Fritsche, L. (2020) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_17 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Dear, B. F., Fogliati, V. J., Fogliati, R., Johnson, B., Boyle, O., Karin, E., Gandy, M., Kayrouz, R., Staples, L. G., & Titov, N. (2018) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867417738055 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Computer-Assisted Cognitive-Behavior Therapy and Mobile Apps for Depression and Anxiety
Wright, J. H., Mishkind, M., Eells, T. D., & Chan, S. R. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1031-2 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjögren, J., Håkansson, A., Pettersson, M., Kadowaki, Å., Cuijpers, P., & Carlbring, P. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Newby, J. M., Mewton, L. R., Williams, A. D., & Andrews, G. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.037 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationFogliati, V. J., Dear, B. F., Staples, L. G., Terides, M. D., Sheehan, J., Johnston, L., Kayrouz, R., Dear, R., McEvoy, P. M., & Titov, N. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.03.005 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Mental health related Internet use among psychiatric patients: a cross-sectional analysis
Kalckreuth, S., Trefflich, F., & Rummel-Kluge, C. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0368-7 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Axelsson, E., Lindsäter, E., Ljótsson, B., Andersson, E., & Hedman-Lagerlöf, E. (2017) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.7497 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Andrews, G., & Williams, A. D. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.05.006 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Newman, M. G., Przeworski, A., Consoli, A. J., & Taylor, C. B. (2014) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0032519 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Digital Technologies in the Treatment of Anxiety: Recent Innovations and Future Directions
Firth, J., Torous, J., Carney, R., Newby, J., Cosco, T. D., Christensen, H., & Sarris, J. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0910-2 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Newby, J. M., Mewton, L., & Andrews, G. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.002 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationMewton, L., Smith, J., Rossouw, P., & Andrews, G. (2014) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s40879 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationHadjistavropoulos, H. D., Pugh, N. E., Nugent, M., Hesser, H., Andersson, G., Ivanov, M., Butz, C. G., Marchildon, G. P., Asmundson, G. J. G., Klein, B., et al. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.018 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The temporal stability of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale
Merson, F., Newby, J. M., Shires, A. G., Millard, M., & Mahoney, A. (2021) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2021.1893603 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Morgan, C., Mason, E., Newby, J. M., Mahoney, A. E. J., Hobbs, M. J., McAloon, J., & Andrews, G. (2017) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2017.10.003 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Williams, A. D., O'Moore, K., Mason, E., & Andrews, G. (2014) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.11.001 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationStaples, L. G., Fogliati, V. J., Dear, B. F., Nielssen, O., & Titov, N. (2016) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.003400 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Mewton, L., Sachdev, P. S., & Andrews, G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071825 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationIntegrating internet CBT into clinical practice: a practical guide for clinicians
Newby, J., Mason, E., Kladnistki, N., Murphy, M., Millard, M., Haskelberg, H., Allen, A., & Mahoney, A. (2021) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1080/13284207.2020.1843968 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Mewton, L. R., & Andrews, G. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.038 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationInternet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Anxiety Disorders Is Here to Stay
Andrews, G., Newby, J. M., & Williams, A. D. (2015) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-014-0533-1 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationHobbs, M., Mahoney, A. E. J., & Andrews, G. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.09.003 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Mason, E. C., Grierson, A. B., Sie, A., Sharrock, M. J., Li, I., Chen, A. Z., & Newby, J. M. (2022) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac205 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Watts, S. E., & Andrews, G. (2014) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2014.06.007 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Ritola, V., Lipsanen, J. O., Pihlaja, S., Gummerus, E.-M., Stenberg, J., Saarni, S. E., & Joffe, G. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/29384 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
INTERNET PSYCHOTHERAPY AND THE FUTURE OF PERSONALIZED TREATMENT
Andrews, G., & Williams, A. D. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22302 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Grierson, A. B., Hobbs, M. J., & Mason, E. C. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.143 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Christensen, H. M., Mackinnon, A. J., Batterham, P. J., O’Dea, B., Guastella, A. J., Griffiths, K. M., Eagleson, C., Hehir, K. K., Kenardy, J. A., Bennett, K., et al. (2014) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.08.002 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Newby, J. M., Haskelberg, H., Hobbs, M. J., Mahoney, A. E. J., Mason, E., & Andrews, G. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.087 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationInternet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Hadjistavropoulos, H. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803457-6.00021-0 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The use of automated assessments in internet-based CBT: The computer will be with you shortly
Mason, E. C., & Andrews, G. (2014) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.10.003 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Mahoney, A., Hobbs, M. J., Newby, J. M., Williams, A. D., & Andrews, G. (2018) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465818000127 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Positive Youth Development and Foster Care Youth: A Digital Perspective
Gustavsson, N. S., & MacEachron, A. E. (2015) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2014.966223 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Mahoney, A., Hobbs, M. J., Newby, J. M., Williams, A. D., & Andrews, G. (2017) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465817000455 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Walsh, A., & Richards, D. (2017) · British Journal of Guidance & Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2016.1153039 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Poor self-rated health and its associations with somatisation in two Australian national surveys
Mewton, L. R., & Andrews, G. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002965 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationStott, T., MacEachron, A. E., & Gustavsson, N. S. (2017) · Advances in Social Work · doi:10.18060/21263 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Yoo, I. G. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23215 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Du, Y., Yang, X., Wang, E., Fang, J., Liu, Z., Wu, S., Liu, Q., & Hu, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.832167 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Weaver, A., & Himle, J. A. (2017) · Rural Mental Health · doi:10.1037/rmh0000075 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Snow, M., & Donnelly, J. F. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2725-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Berg, H. E., Akeman, E., McDermott, T. J., Cosgrove, K. T., Kirlić, N., Clausen, A. N., Cannon, M., Yeh, H., White, E. J., Thompson, W. K., et al. (2023) · Journal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.xjmad.2023.100004 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Robichaud, M., Talbot, F., Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., Hadjistavropoulos, T., & Jbilou, J. (2019) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246581900047x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mahoney, A., Newby, J. M., Hobbs, M. J., Williams, A. D., & Andrews, G. (2017) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2017.11.004 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Finding Web-Based Anxiety Interventions on the World Wide Web: A Scoping Review
Ashford, M. T., Olander, E. K., & Ayers, S. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.5349 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Rajeshkumar, L., Mishkind, M., Coleman, J. J., Pahwa, M., LaPreze, D., Solenske, S., & Wright, J. H. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000815 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Individually tailored internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders
Nordgren, L. B. (2013) · Linköping University Electronic Press eBooks · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-100969 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Skaczkowski, G., van der Kruk, S., Loxton, S., Hughes-Barton, D., Howell, C., Turnbull, D., Jensen, N., Smout, M., & Gunn, K. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/31018 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kouvonen, A. M., Mänty, M., Harkko, J., Sumanen, H., Konttinen, H. M., Lahti, J., Pietiläinen, O. P. H., Blomgren, J., Tuovinen, E., Ketonen, E.-L., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032119 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mahoney, A., Haskelberg, H., Mason, E. C., Millard, M., & Newby, J. M. (2021) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1506 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
DaPonte, D., Talbot, F., Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., Hadjistavropoulos, T., & Jbilou, J. (2018) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2018.14 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
North American open-label 16-week trial of the MindShift smartphone app for adult anxiety
Rappaport, L. M., Jerome, E., Van Ameringen, M., Whittal, M., & McLean, C. P. (2023) · Journal of Mood & Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.xjmad.2023.100036 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
ICBT in Psychiatry: Generalised Anxiety Disorder
Titov, N., Andersson, G., & Paxling, B. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06083-5_5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Connors, J. D. N., Kroenke, K., Monahan, P. O., Chernyak, Y., Pettit, K., Hayden, J., Montgomery, C., Brenner, G., Millard, M., Holmes, E., et al. (2022) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2022.107020 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Stephenson, C., Moghimi, E., Shao, Y., Kumar, A., Yee, C. S., Miller, S., Stefatos, A., Gholamzadehmir, M., Abbaspour, Z., Jagayat, J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1194955 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Research into services and needs for people experiencing complicated grief: Final report
Thompson, C., Williams, K., Masso, M. R., Morris, D., Kobel, C., Duncan, C., & Samsa, P. (2017) · Research Online (University of Wollongong) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sokół-Szawłowska, M., & Poleszczyk, A. (2018) · Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii · doi:10.5114/ppn.2018.77031 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dahlin, M. (2020) · Linköping studies in behavioural science · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-170049 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Melkonian, M., McDonald, S., Karin, E., Titov, N., Dear, B. F., & Wootton, B. M. (2023) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2023.2232933 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Internet‐ and Computer‐Based Treatments of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Becker, E., & Andersson, G. (2020) · Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Worrying · doi:10.1002/9781119189909.ch15 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Technological Interventions for Anxiety Disorders
Baños, R., Vara, M., Mira, A., García-Palacios, A., & Botella, C. (2020) · Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00008-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wright, J. H., Chan, S. R., & Mishkind, M. C. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11984-2_9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ardi, Z., Eseadi, C., Yuniarti, E., Yendi, F. M., & Murni, A. W. (2024) · Universal Journal of Public Health · doi:10.13189/ujph.2024.120101 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Le nuove tecnologie e la psicoterapia: approfondimento del trattamento del disturbo d'ansia sociale
Grassi, E., & Marsigli, N. (2021) · QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA · doi:10.3280/qpc47-2020oa11208 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Story, D. M. H. (2014) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy
Høifødt, R. S. (2015)
Alavi, N., Stephenson, C., Yang, M., Shirazi, A., Shao, Y., Kumar, A., Yee, C. S., Miller, S., Stefatos, A., Gholamzadehmir, M., et al. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/27772
Hwang, T., Reminick, A. M., Clark, A., Hammel, M., Early, J., & Nguyen, T. (2021) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.08.009
Tang, S., Mahoney, A., Dobinson, K. A., & Shiner, C. T. (2025) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2025.2465737
Initial effectiveness of an ICBT-protocol for GAD in psychiatric care – A feasibility-pilot study
Huhn, V., Andersson, E., Wahlund, T., & Forsell, E. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100817
Gatov, E., Strudwick, G., Wiljer, D., Bhattacharyya, O., & Kurdyak, P. (2026) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2026.2624695
Huhn, V., Isacsson, N. H., Bendix, M., Kraepelien, M., Sahlin, H., Kaldo, V., & Forsell, E. (2026) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2026.100926
Telehealth Treatment of Anxiety in Patients With Low-Risk Chest Pain in the Emergency Department
Musey, P. I., Kroenke, K., Connors, J. D. N., Stump, T. E., Chernyak, Y., Prather, K., Montgomery, C., & Monahan, P. O. (2026) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2026.4225
- Authors
- Mewton, L., Wong, N., & Andrews, G.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Mewton, Louise
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2012-09-04
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 843-849
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1544020587
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 10
- FWCI
- 15.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- generalized anxiety disorder, primary care, treatment effectiveness, treatment completion, psychological distress, remission, rural patients, young patients, GAD-7, WHODAS, Kessler K10
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Internet, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
