Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate‐to‐severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial
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BACKGROUND: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious intervention for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Digital CBT may provide a scalable means of delivering CBT at a population level. We investigated the efficacy of a novel digital CBT program in those with GAD for outcomes of anxiety, worry, depressive symptoms, sleep difficulty, wellbeing, and participant-specific quality of life. METHODS: This online, two-arm parallel-group superiority randomized controlled trial compared digital CBT with waitlist control in 256 participants with moderate-to-severe symptoms of GAD. Digital CBT (Daylight), was delivered using participants' own smartphones. Online assessments took place at baseline (Week 0; immediately preceding randomization), mid-intervention (Week 3; from randomization), post-intervention (Week 6; primary endpoint), and follow-up (Week 10). RESULTS: Overall, 256 participants were randomized and intention-to-treat analysis found Daylight reduced symptoms of anxiety compared with waitlist control at post-intervention, reflecting a large effect size (adjusted difference [95% CI]: 3.22 [2.14, 4.31], d = 1.08). Significant improvements were found for measures of worry; depressive symptoms, sleep difficulty, wellbeing, and participant-specific quality of life. CONCLUSION: Digital CBT (Daylight) appears to be safe and efficacious for symptoms of anxiety, worry, and further measures of mental health compared with waitlist control in individuals with GAD.
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In a recent study of digital intervention for other diseases, it effectively improved physical activity, depression, anxiety, and eating behavior.
“In a recent study of digital intervention for other diseases, it effectively improved physical activity, depression, anxiety, and eating behavior [45-47].”
From Efficacy of WeChat-Based Digital Intervention Versus Metformin in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Randomized Controlled Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [45]
Only 1 study has reported the clinical efficacy of a digital therapeutic specifically for people diagnosed with GAD, showing that CBT may be effective when delivered in this format.
“To date, only 1 study has reported the clinical efficacy of a digital therapeutic specifically for people diagnosed with GAD (showing that CBT may be effective when delivered in this format) [41].”
From Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
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- Authors
- Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., Emsley, R., Gu, J., Shin, O., Otto, M. W., Craske, M. G., Saunders, K. E. A., Goodwin, G. M., & Espie, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Big Health Inc. (United States) (US)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Boston University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Miller, Christopher B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-07-29
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1168-1178
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6394
- OpenAlex
- W3046020930
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 7.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- generalized anxiety disorder, digital cognitive behavioral therapy, online psychological intervention, anxiety symptoms, worry, depressive symptoms, sleep disorders, well-being, quality of life, waitlist control
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Humans, Quality of Life, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
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