The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Conspiracy Stereotypes of Jews During Systemic Transformation in Poland
Abstract
The nature and functioning of the conspiracy theories of Jews in present-day Poland have been analyzed using a variety of methodological approaches (surveys, naturalistic experiments, cross-sectional studies). We examine (a) functional differences between conspiracy stereotypes and trait-laden stereotypes of Jews, (b) situational factors of the political milieu that modify accessibility of the conspiracy theories of Jews and their impact on attitudes, and (c) the role of value orientations and perceptions of outgroup entitativity and essentialism in conspiracy thinking. The broader implications of our findings for understanding systemic transition in Poland in the past fifteen years are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“and those perceived as enemies (Kofta & Sedek, 2005).”
From The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories (2017) · cites this paper as Kofta & Sedek, 2005
Citations
Cites
Schwartz, S. H., & Bilsky, W. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.878 · Cited by 2,451
Essentialist beliefs about social categories
Haslam, N., Rothschild, L., & Ernst, D. (2000) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466600164363 · Cited by 1,046
Varieties of groups and the perception of group entitativity.
Lickel, B. A., Hamilton, D. L., Wieczorkowska, G., Lewis, A. C., Sherman, S. J., & Uhles, A. N. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.223 · Cited by 942
Category labels and social reality: Do we view social categories as natural kinds?
Rothbart, M., & Taylor, M. (1992) · Cited by 493
Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R., Broadnax, S., & Blaine, B. E. (1999) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672992511003 · Cited by 283
Seeing groups as entities: The role of perceiver motivation.
Brewer, M. B., & Harasty, A. S. (1996) · Cited by 160
Moscovici, S. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4618-3_9 · Cited by 147
Quinley, H. E., & Glock, C. Y. (1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 140
Common Fate, Similarity and other Indices of the Status of Aggregates of Persons as Social Entities
Campbell, D. T. (1960) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-009237-9.50017-2 · Cited by 128
The Tenacity of Prejudice: Anti-Semitism in Contemporary America.
Poll, S., Selznick, G. J., & Steinberg, S. (1971) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2093159 · Cited by 67
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–165 of 165
Czech, F. (2019) · Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne · doi:10.14746/ssp.2019.2.9 · Cited by 5
Anti-Semitism, the Holocaust, and Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma
Seeman, M. V. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-37745-8_17 · Cited by 5
The Conspiracy Theory Pyramid Scheme
Goertzel, T. G. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.003.0015 · Cited by 5
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN STUDENTS DURING SELF-ISOLATION DUE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Спасовски, О., & Кениг, Н. (1970) · Primenjena psihologija · doi:10.19090/pp.20.4.427-447 · Cited by 7
“Anxiety during crises increases conspiracy thinking (Grzesiak-Feldman, 2013), and conspiracy theories, in turn, motivate people to prepare for collective self-defence against suspected subjects or groups (Kofta & Sędek, 2005).”
BackgroundDon’t Trust the Scientists! Rejecting the Scientific Consensus “Conspiracy”
Josh Pasek, B. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.003.0013 · Cited by 5
Deng, Y., Wang, C. S., Cheng, G. D., Whitson, J., Dow, B. J., & Lee, A. Y. (2024) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12836 · Cited by 4
The social psychology of conspiracy theories: Key insights and future challenges
Douglas, K. M., & Sutton, R. M. (2025) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2024.10.004 · Cited by 6
Tartakovsky, E., Walsh, S. D., Lebedeva, N. M., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12654 · Cited by 4
Conspiracy Theories as Opportunistic Attributions of PowerPreprint
Nera, K., Bertin, P., & Klein, O. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/rmcj9 · Cited by 4
The psychology of conspiracy mentality
Imhoff, R. (2025) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2025.10.002 · Cited by 3
Correlatos valorativos de crenças em teorias da conspiração
Rezende, A. T., Gouveia, V. V., do Nascimento, A. M., Vilar, R., & Oliveira, K. G. (2019) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 3
Learning about Conspiracy Theories
Cullen, J. T. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.003.0009 · Cited by 4
Barna, I., & Knap, Á. (2021) · Intersections · doi:10.17356/ieejsp.v7i3.801 · Cited by 3
Conspiracy Theory Belief and Conspiratorial Thinking
Farhart, C. E. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108779104.036 · Cited by 3
Równi i równiejsi. O odmiennych postawach wobec uchodźców z Ukrainy oraz granicy polsko-białoruskiej
Górska, P. (2024) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487645.rozdzial05 · Cited by 15
Murphy, K., Mulholland, T., & Hardy, K. (2024) · Studies in Conflict and Terrorism · doi:10.1080/1057610x.2024.2370081 · Cited by 3
Filer, T. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.003.0027 · Cited by 3
Ančić, B., & Cepić, D. (2021) · Sociologija i prostor · doi:10.5673/sip.59.0.7 · Cited by 5
Comparing the ideological correlates of anti-government and anti-Roma conspiracy beliefs in Romania
Nera, K., Procop, I., & Klein, O. (2023) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1177/18344909231162276 · Cited by 3
Być gorszymi. O reakcjach na zagrożenie statusu grupy własnej
Bilewicz, M. (2008) · Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego eBooks · doi:10.31338/uw.9788323526148 · Cited by 3
Korol, L. D., & Bevelander, P. (2026) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2026.2635123 · Cited by 2
Ideologiczne podstawy akceptacji przemocy wobec migrantów
Winiewski, M. H., Świderska, A., & Bulska, D. (2024) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487645.rozdzial04 · Cited by 2
Postawy Polaków i Polek wobec mniejszości: raport z Polskiego Sondażu Uprzedzeń 2021
Mirucka, M., Zochniak, K., & Bulska, D. (2024) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487645.rozdzial01 · Cited by 2
Bilewicz, M. (2024) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2024.2442919 · Cited by 2
“…studies have confirmed that intergroup conspiracy theories about Jews foster social and economic discrimination (Kofta et al., 2020), provoke negative emotions toward Jewish individuals (Golec de Zavala & Cichocka, 2012), and reduce willingness to cooperate with Israel (Kofta & Sedek, 2005).”
InfluentialDark Religion and Conspiracy Theories
Šolc, V. (2019) · Jung Journal · doi:10.1080/19342039.2019.1676142 · Cited by 2
Simonsen, K. B. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of History · doi:10.1080/03468755.2022.2097946 · Cited by 2
Rasizm wobec osób czarnych w Polsce
Bieńkowski, M., Winiewski, M. H., & Ohia-Nowak, M. A. (2024) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487645.rozdzial03 · Cited by 1
Şenyurt, A. Y. (2024) · İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.15869/itobiad.1477071 · Cited by 1
Jedinger, A., Eisentraut, M., & Masch, L. (2025) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941251372867 · Cited by 1
O związkach różnych form myślenia spiskowego z uprzedzeniami wobec obcych
Grzesiak-Feldman, M. (2011) · Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego eBooks · doi:10.31338/uw.9788323512011.pp.115-126 · Cited by 1
Autostereotyp narodowy i jego konsekwencje : perspektywa psychologii stosunków międzygrupowych
Bilewicz, M. (2007) · Człowiek i Społeczeństwo · Cited by 1
SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS AND RESPONSE TIME TESTING: CONSPIRACY THINKING AND CONSPIRACY THEORIES
Norré, B. F., Tahiri, D., Fernandez, G., Reykowska, D., & Dutta, K. (2023) · Global Fashion Management Conference · doi:10.15444/gmc2023.16.01.01 · Cited by 1
Politicization of the Jewish and Muslim minorities in Poland
Dyduch, J., & Skorek, A. (2024) · Ethnicities · doi:10.1177/14687968241288548 · Cited by 1
Problems with Measurement of Trust and Trustworthiness. What Best Predicts Trust Game Outcomes?
Kuzminska, A. O. (2016) · Studia i Materiały Wydziału Zarządzania UW · doi:10.7172/1733-9758.2016.22.9 · Cited by 1
“Nationalities were chosen on the basis of studies by Kofta & Sedek (2005), who identified three nationalities that were most often associated with out-group prejudice in Poland.”
MethodConspiracy Theories for Journalists
(2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.003.0031 · Cited by 1
Górska, P. (2020) · Social Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.32872/spb.v14i4.2313 · Cited by 1
“…several types of anti-Semitism: traditional prejudice rooted in religion (Bilewicz, Winiewski, Kofta, & Wójcik, 2013), Jewish conspiracy beliefs (Kofta & Sędek, 2005), the myth of Judeo-Bol‐ shevism (e.g., Śpiewak, 2012), and negative anti-Israeli attitudes (Cohen, Jussim, Harber, & Bhasin,…”
BackgroundZhang, L., Ward, T. E., Vashisht, H., & Boyle, D. O. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/nrqb8 · Cited by 1
Comparing the Ideological Correlates of Anti-Government and Anti-Roma Conspiracy Beliefs in RomaniaPreprint
Nera, K., Procop, I., & Klein, O. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/f7wkj · Cited by 1
Anti-Western Conspiracy Thinking and Expectations of Collusion: Evidence from Russia and ChinaPreprint
Libman, A., & Vollan, B. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2602724
“In our experiment, stigmatized out-groups, against which conspiracy thinking is directed and which are expected to have substantial internal cohesion in regard to harming the subjects (Kofta and Sedek 2005), are excluded from the sample.”
BackgroundИванович, Ч. В., & Cherenkova, N. (2018) · Alma mater Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly · doi:10.20339/am.04-18.079
The Logic of Conspiracy Theories in the Internet Day
Wasiuta, O., & Wasyuta, S. (2019) · Modern Historical and Political Issues · doi:10.31861/mhpi2019.40.11-25
Antysemityzm: postawa indywidualna czy norma kulturowa?
Sekerdej, M. (2008) · Kultura i Społeczeństwo · doi:10.35757/kis.2008.52.2.7
Kichelewski, A. (2018) · Belin eBooks · doi:10.3917/bel.pesch.2018.01.0419
Contemporary Challenges to Democracy
(2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108779104.025
Theoretical Model of Behavioral Consequences of Faith in Conspiracy Theory
Ярош, Н. С., & Artiukhova, V. (2021) · Visnyk of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. A Series of Psychology · doi:10.26565/2225-7756-2021-70-10 · Cited by 1
Odczuwany lęk w pandemii a wierzenia spiskowe i wybrane wzorce adaptacji
Leska, K., & Nawrocka, P. (2022) · Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk · doi:10.15503/onis2022.94.110
The Divine Nature of Conspiracy
Shewell, T. (2021) · Psych-Talk · doi:10.53841/bpstalk.2021.1.99.23
Demmrich, S., & Hanel, P. H. P. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/yjt3z
Identyfikacje Polaków i ich konsekwencje
Puchała, D., & Bilewicz, M. (2024) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487645.rozdzial10 · Cited by 12
Polski Sondaż Uprzedzeń 2021: metodologia badania
Bulska, D., & Świderska, A. (2024) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487645.rozdzial12 · Cited by 12
Fatalistyczny brak kontroli jako reakcja na pandemię COVID-19
Soral, W. (2024) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487645.rozdzial09
Toruńczyk‐Ruiz, S., & Cárdenas, D. (2024) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487645.rozdzial11 · Cited by 12
Emocja wstrętu a postawy międzygrupowe
Świderska, A., & Hansen, K. (2024) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487645.rozdzial07 · Cited by 12
Bulska, D., Winiewski, M. H., & Bilewicz, M. (2024) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487645.rozdzial00
Polacy o Żydach i Romach – dostępność i zmiany kulturowych treści stereotypu
Winiewski, M. H. (2024) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487645.rozdzial02
Obawy Polaków i Polek a postawy wobec grup obcych
Bulska, D. (2024) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487645.rozdzial06
Ideologiczne podstawy emocjonalnych reakcji na nieszczęścia grup obcych
Wypych, M. (2024) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487645.rozdzial08
We Are All Jews: (In)Visible Outsiders and the Anthropology of the Border
Bucholc, M., & Chymkowski, R. (2024) · Palgrave studies on Norbert Elias · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-49523-6_9
Antisemitische Verschwörungstheorien in Erwachsenenbildungseinrichtungen in Europa.
Firsova-Eckert, E. (2024) · Bürgerbewusstsein · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-46115-7_3
Uscinski, J. E. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.002.0005
Uscinski, J. E. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.002.0003
Mohamed, A. E. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3341797
Antisemitische Verschwörungstheorien: Historische Entwicklung und pädagogische Herausforderungen
Firsova-Eckert, E., & Vajen, B. (2026) · Bürgerbewusstsein · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-50019-1_15
Jedinger, A. (2026) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2026.114093
Metadata
- Authors
- AND, M. K., & SEDEK, G.
- Affiliations
- a Institute for Social Studies and Psychology Faculty at Warsaw University
- b Warsaw School of Social Psychology
- Venue
- International Journal of Sociology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-64
- ISSN
- 0020-7659 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9336
- OpenAlex
- W2575264202
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 8
- FWCI
- 8.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Polish-Jewish Holocaust Memory Studies
- Keywords
- conspiracy theories, Jewish stereotypes, systemic change, post-communist transition, Poland, political attitudes, value orientations, essentialism, antisemitism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review