Cited by 991Psychometric Methodologies and TestingMental Health Research TopicsPsychological Testing and Assessment

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Applying Bifactor Statistical Indices in the Evaluation of Psychological Measures

Rodriguez, Anthony, Reise, Steven P., Haviland, Mark G.·2016·Journal of Personality Assessment

DOI 10.1080/00223891.2015.1089249

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to apply a set of rarely reported psychometric indices that, nevertheless, are important to consider when evaluating psychological measures. All can be derived from a standardized loading matrix in a confirmatory bifactor model: omega reliability coefficients, factor determinacy, construct replicability, explained common variance, and percentage of uncontaminated correlations. We calculated these indices and extended the findings of 50 recent bifactor model estimation studies published in psychopathology, personality, and assessment journals. These bifactor derived indices (most not presented in the articles) provided a clearer and more complete picture of the psychometric properties of the assessment instruments. We reached 2 firm conclusions. First, although all measures had been tagged "multidimensional," unit-weighted total scores overwhelmingly reflected variance due to a single latent variable. Second, unit-weighted subscale scores often have ambiguous interpretations because their variance mostly reflects the general, not the specific, trait. Finally, we review the implications of our evaluations and consider the limits of inferences drawn from a bifactor modeling approach.

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Authors: Rodriguez, A., Reise, S. P., & Haviland, M. G.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Loma Linda University (US)
Corresponding author: Reise, Steven P.
ORCID: Rodriguez, Anthony
Reise, Steven P.
Haviland, Mark G.
Venue: Journal of Personality Assessment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2015-10-29
Volume: 98
Issue: 3
Pages: 223-237
ISSN: 0022-3891 (ISSN-L)
1532-7752
DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2015.1089249
OpenAlex: W1881923603
Cited by: 990
References: 77
Citations by year: 2026: 105 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 134 · 2022: 127 · 2021: 124 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 13
FWCI: 50.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2015-12-23)
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality Assessment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords: bifactor model, multidimensional measure, personality assessment, psychopathology assessment
MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical, Humans, Models, Psychological, Psychometrics, Models, Statistical

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Applying Bifactor Statistical Indices in the Evaluation of Psychological Measures

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