The influence of intercultural communication apprehension and socio‐communicative orientation on uncertainty reduction during initial cross‐cultural interaction
Abstract
This study is an investigation of the influence of intercultural communication apprehension, socio‐communicative orientation, and uncertainty during initial cross‐cultural communication. Prior to interacting with unknown partners from another culture, participants completed measures of intercultural communication apprehension and socio‐communicative orientation. After interacting with their partners, participants completed measures of uncertainty. As predicted, intercultural communication apprehension was positively associated with uncertainty. Also as predicted intercultural communication apprehension was negatively correlated with socio‐communicative orientation. A third hypothesis, which was partially supported, posited that socio‐communicative orientation would be negatively correlated with uncertainty.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In collectivist cultures, individuals might experience heightened anxiety and distress when faced with uncertain social outcomes or the possibility of disrupting group expectations.
“Therefore, individuals from collectivist cultures might experience heightened anxiety and distress when faced with uncertain social outcomes or the possibility of disrupting group expectations [115].”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [115]
Cites
Journal of social behavior and personality
(1986) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(86)90025-5 · Cited by 6,751 · see citing works
BERGER, C. R., & CALABRESE, R. J. (1975) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00258.x · Cited by 3,006 · see citing works
Kerr, G. B., & Nimmo, D. D. (1981) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2067318 · Cited by 1,316 · see citing works
(1980) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,254 · see citing works
Language and Social Psychology
Mercer, N. (1979) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/003803857901300333 · Cited by 1,102 · see citing works
Communicating With Strangers : An Approach to Intercultural Communication
Gudykunst, W. B., & Kim, Y. Y. (1984) · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
Theories in Intercultural Communication.
Kim, Y. Y., & Gudykunst, W. B. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 919 · see citing works
Communicating with strangers: An approach to intercultural communication
Sarbaugh, L. E. (1984) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/0147-1767(84)90030-0 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Measures of communication‐bound anxiety
McCroskey, J. C. (1970) · Speech Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637757009375677 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Intercultural communication theory
Wiseman, R. L. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Avoiding Communication: Shyness, Reticence, and Communication Apprehension
Daly, J. A. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Validity of the PRCA as an index of oral communication apprehension
McCroskey, J. C. (1978) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637757809375965 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Oral Communication Apprehension: A Reconceptualization
McCroskey, J. C. (1982) · Annals of the International Communication Association · doi:10.1080/23808985.1982.11678497 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
The Development of Intercultural and Interethnic Communication Apprehension Scales.
Neuliep, J., & Mccroskey, J. (1997) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824099709388656 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationATTRIBUTIONAL CONFIDENCE AND UNCERTAINTY IN INITIAL INTERACTION
Clatterbuck, G. W. (1979) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1979.tb00630.x · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Fundamentals of Human Communication: An Interpersonal Perspective
McCroskey, J. C., & RICHMOND, V. P. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Don't speak to me in English: Communication apprehension in Puerto Rico
McCroskey, J. C., Fayer, J. M., & RICHMOND, V. P. (1985) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463378509369597 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Uncertainty, information‐seeking, and liking during initial interaction
Douglas, W. (1990) · Western Journal of Speech Communication · doi:10.1080/10570319009374325 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Communication Apprehension Among College Students in America, Australia, Japan, and Korea
Klopf, D. W., & Cambra, R. E. (1979) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1979.9915091 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Comparison of communication apprehension across cultures: American and Swedish children
Watson, A. K., Monroe, E. E., & Atterstrom, H. (1989) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463378909385526 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Reduced Conversational Memory as A Function of Negative Arousal: A Preliminary Analysis
Goss, B., Neuliep, J. W., & O’Hair, D. (1985) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/17464099.1985.12289940 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationRelations between Fluctuations in Skin Resistance and IES Arrow-Dot Scores
Gudjonsson, G. H. (1980) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1980.51.1.12 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Apprehension about Speaking among College Students in the Philippines
Klopf, D. W., & Cambra, R. E. (1980) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1980.51.3f.1288 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
From Diversity to Inclusion to Equity: A Theory of Generative Interactions
Bernstein, R. S., Bulger, M., Salipante, P. F., & Weisinger, J. Y. (2019) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-019-04180-1 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Why can’t we be friends?: Multicultural attitudes and friendships with international students
Williams, C. T., & Johnson, L. R. (2011) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.11.001 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Predictors of US college students’ participation in study abroad programs: A longitudinal study
Goldstein, S. B., & Kim, R. I. (2005) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.10.001 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Neuliep, J. W. (2012) · Journal of Intercultural Communication Research · doi:10.1080/17475759.2011.623239 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, Q. (2005) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463370500056150 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Intercultural Attitudes Predict Favorable Study Abroad Expectations of U.S. College Students
Kim, R. I., & Goldstein, S. B. (2005) · Journal of Studies in International Education · doi:10.1177/1028315305277684 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Critical Reflections on Culture and Critical Intercultural Communication
Moon, D. G. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9781444390681.ch3 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Lin, Y., & Rancer, A. S. (2003) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824090309388800 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
How college students experience intercultural learning: Key features and approaches.
King, P. M., Perez, R. J., & Shim, W.-J. (2013) · Journal of Diversity in Higher Education · doi:10.1037/a0033243 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Chen, G.-M. (2010) · Journal of Media Literacy Education · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Wrench, J. S., Corrigan, M. W., McCroskey, J. C., & Punyanunt-Carter, N. M. (2006) · Journal of Intercultural Communication Research · doi:10.1080/17475740600739198 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Developing a high quality intercultural relationship: expatriates and their local host
van Bakel, M., van Oudenhoven, J. P., & Gerritsen, M. (2015) · Journal of Global Mobility The Home of Expatriate Management Research · doi:10.1108/jgm-04-2014-0009 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Intercultural Communication Apprehension and Emotional Intelligence in Higher Education
Fall, L. T., Kelly, S. E., MacDonald, P., Primm, C., & Holmes, W. (2013) · Business Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1080569913501861 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Logan, S., Steel, Z., & Hunt, C. J. (2014) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022114555762 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Information-Seeking Behavior in Intercultural and Intergroup Communication
Baldwin, J. R., & Hunt, S. K. (2002) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00808.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Neuliep, J. W., & Grohskopf, E. L. (2000) · Communication Reports · doi:10.1080/08934210009367726 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationInterruption and Involvement in Discourse: Can Intercultural Interlocutors be Trained?
Li, H. Z., Yum, Y.-O., Yates, R. D. S., Aguilera, L. C., Mao, Y., & Zheng, Z. (2005) · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Aggressive and Affiliative Humor: Relationships to Aspects of Intercultural Communication
Miczo, N., & Welter, R. E. (2006) · Journal of Intercultural Communication Research · doi:10.1080/17475740600739305 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The influence of ethnocentrism on social perceptions of nonnative accents
Neuliep, J. W., & Speten, K. M. (2013) · Language & Communication · doi:10.1016/j.langcom.2013.05.001 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationIntercultural Comfort through Social Practices: Exploring Conditions for Cultural Learning
Bernstein, R. S., & Salipante, P. F. (2017) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2017.00031 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Yıldız, B., & İskender, M. (2019) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-018-0112-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A Short note on Accent–bias, Social Identity and Ethnocentrism
Chakraborty, R. (2017) · Advances in Language and Literary Studies · doi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.4p.57 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Perrault, E. K., & Silk, K. J. (2015) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2015.1018569 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective.
Kesner, L., Juríčková, V., Grygarová, D., & Horáček, J. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/68640 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Therefore, individuals from collectivist cultures might experience heightened anxiety and distress when faced with uncertain social outcomes or the possibility of disrupting group expectations [115].”
Explaining cross-cultural service interactions in tourism with Shenkar's cultural friction
Cheok, J., Hede, A., & Aleti, T. (2013) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2013.860955 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Development and Validation of the Communication Apprehension About Death Scale
Carmack, H. J., & DeGroot, J. M. (2016) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222815598440 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Intercultural Communication Apprehension
Neuliep, J. W. (2017) · The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1002/9781118783665.ieicc0045 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, J., & Hwang, J. (2023) · Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport & Tourism Education · doi:10.1016/j.jhlste.2023.100464 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Matera, C., Imai, T., & Pinzi, S. (2017) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2017.11.004 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Pederson, J., Tkachuk, H. T., & Allen, M. R. (2008) · Journal of Intercultural Communication Research · doi:10.1080/17475750903135374 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
On inter-organizational EC collaboration-the impact of inter-cultural communication apprehension
Kwok, R. C.-W., Lee, M., & Turban, E. (2005) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2001.926191 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Predictors of Preference for the Exported Campus Model of Study Abroad
Goldstein, S. B. (2015) · Frontiers The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad · doi:10.36366/frontiers.v26i1.351 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Yi, J.-S. (2021) · Journal of Intercultural Communication · doi:10.36923/jicc.v21i1.5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Jackson, F. F. J., & Davis, K. A. (2005) · The Journal of Men s Studies · doi:10.3149/jms.1303.347 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Matera, C., & Catania, M. A. (2021) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.04.011 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Anxiety/Uncertainty Management ( AUM ) Theory
Neuliep, J. W. (2017) · The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1002/9781118783665.ieicc0007 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationCritical Reflections on Culture and Critical Intercultural Communication
Moon, D. G. (2023) · doi:10.1002/9781119745426.ch4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Study Abroad: Benefits, Concerns, Who Goes and Why?
Gan, L. L., & Kang, Z. (2022) · Frontiers The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad · doi:10.36366/frontiers.v34i4.638 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Рredictors of behavioral strategy choice among Russians in intercultural conflict
Batkhina, A. A., & Lebedeva, N. M. (2019) · Social Psychology and Society · doi:10.17759/sps.2019100105 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Uncertainty and Anxiety in Intercultural Encounters
Neuliep, J. W. (2015) · The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication · doi:10.1002/9781118540190.wbeic071 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationCarmack, H. J., & Ahmed, R. (2019) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2019.1666197 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cultural Impact on Internet Connectivity and Its Implication
Park, H. C. (2001) · Journal of Euromarketing · doi:10.1300/j037v10n03_02 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Murphy, M. K., & Weber, K. (2019) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824096.2019.1683527 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Appraisal models of intercultural communication apprehension among sojourners
Ma, R., & Hample, D. (2018) · Journal of International and Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1080/17513057.2018.1450889 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Stereotyping – Predispositions, activations and applications in cross-cultural service interactions
Cheok, J., Aleti, T., & Hede, A. (2015) · Journal Of Vacation Marketing · doi:10.1177/1356766715604661 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Intercultural Contact, Communication Apprehension, and Social Perspective Taking
Cavanaugh, S. A. (2015) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wang, Y. F., & Cionea, I. A. (2024) · Journal of International and Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1080/17513057.2024.2318034 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Rua, T., Aytug, Z. G., Kern, M. C., Lee, S., & Adair, W. L. (2018) · Thunderbird International Business Review · doi:10.1002/tie.21981 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Fırat, A. T. A. (2019) · SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ İLETİŞİM FAKÜLTESİ AKADEMİK DERGİSİ · doi:10.18094/josc.596287 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Maier, G. A., Zhang, Q., & Clark, A. (2012) · Journal of Intercultural Communication Research · doi:10.1080/17475759.2012.703620 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Khan, M. A., & Khan, R. M. (2007) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gitimu, P. N. (2005) · OpenSIUC (Southern Illinois University Carbondale) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Reducing negative affect about intercultural interactions through inoculation
Heuett, K. B., & Westerman, C. Y. K. (2014) · Journal of International Communication · doi:10.1080/13216597.2013.872161 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
YOUTUBING DIFFERENCE: PERFORMING IDENTITY IN ONLINE DO-IT-YOURSELF COMMUNITIES
Anarbaeva, S. M. (2011) · ScholarWorks@BGSU (Bowling Green State University) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Akgül, E., & Akman, B. (2025) · Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development · doi:10.1080/01434632.2025.2533875 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Encounter Experiences among Tourists at Attraction Sites – An Application of Social Contact Theory
Chang, H. H., & Chiang, C. C. (2020) · Asian Journal of Business Research · doi:10.14707/ajbr.190066 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
KOÇAK, Ö. F. (2022) · Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.52642/susbed.1097145 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Perceived Influence of Social Media on Multiculturalism in Southern States, Nigeria
Nsude, I., Osuagwu, T. R., & Etumnu, E. W. (2023) · Journal of Sociology Bulletin of Yerevan University · doi:10.46991/bysu:f/2023.14.1.029 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Liang, W.-H. (2024) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2024.2318868 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tuncal, A. (2025) · Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu dergisi · doi:10.29249/selcuksbmyd.1613786 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Role of Relational Communication Climate in Skilled Migrant Integration
Zikic, J. (2025) · Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal · doi:10.1108/edi-06-2024-0260 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Oommen, D. (2010) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Causes socioculturelles et personnelles de l’anxiété langagière
Łuszczyńska, S. (2016) · Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska sectio FF – Philologiae · doi:10.17951/ff.2016.34.1.169 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Culture Perception of Art and Design Students Come in Turkey through International Erasmus Program
Erişti, S. D. B. (2014) · Anadolu Journal Of Educational Sciences International · doi:10.18039/ajesi.81150 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cheok, J. (2016) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Survey Research and Ecological Validity
Neuliep, J. W. (2017) · The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1002/9781118783665.ieicc0112 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationThe validity of the PRECA as an index of interethnic communication apprehension
Bippus, A. M., & Dorjee, T. (2002) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824090209384840
Asian Alumni in America and Their Leadership Skills
García‐Murillo, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60394-0_12
Immigrant communication apprehension
Hsu, C. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315164472-10
KOÇAK, Ö. F., Koçer, M., & Ngırkudu, M. J. D. (2022) · International E-Journal of Advances in Social Sciences · doi:10.29228/itamder.2
Kritische Analyse der sozialen Integration einer sogenannten "Problemgruppe" im Wiener Stadtraum
Kohlbacher, J., & Rasuly-Paleczek, G. (2023) · Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1553/isr_fb058
تقييم واقع أنماط الشغف (المتناغم والقهري) وعدم تحمل اللايقين لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الثانوية
الطحلاوي, ا. ا. م. (2023) · مجلة كلية التربية جامعة بنها · doi:10.21608/jfeb.2023.210686.1678
Influence of ethnocentrism on the work behaviour of expatriates
Joachim, J., & Weerasekera, S. (2022) · Journal of Business Studies · doi:10.4038/jbs.v9i1.79
Narratives of Change in Rural Saudi Arabia: A Cultural-Historical Study
Alharbi, R. O. (2024) · Gulf Studies · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-9867-8_3
Pekerti, A., & Kwantes, C. T. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5177395
Pekerti, A., & Kwantes, C. T. (2026) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2026.101144
- Authors
- Neuliep, J. W., & Ryan, D. J.
- Affiliations
- St. Norbert College (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (US)
- ORCID
- Ryan, Daniel J.
- Venue
- Communication Quarterly
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1998-01
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 88-99
- ISSN
- 0040-8573 (ISSN-L)
- 0146-3373
- 1746-4102
- OpenAlex
- W2060142787
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Communication Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Language, Communication, and Linguistic Studies
- Social Sciences › Communication › International Student and Expatriate Challenges
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Communication in Education and Healthcare
- Keywords
- intercultural communication apprehension, uncertainty reduction, cross-cultural interaction, intercultural communication
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review