The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Managing Urban Parks for a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Clientele
Abstract
A major planning effort for Chicago's largest park provided an opportunity to examine outdoor recreation use patterns and preferences among a racially and ethnically diverse clientele. Results from on-site surveys of 898 park users (217 Black, 210 Latino, 182 Asian, and 289 White) showed that park users shared a core set of interests, preferences, and concerns about the park and its management. But there were also some important differences among and within racial and ethnic groups with respect to park use patterns, participation, and reports of racial discrimination. Implications for management and future research are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America
Cranz, G. (1982) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/5469.001.0001 · Cited by 272
Perception of Personal Safety in Urban Recreation Sites
Schroeder, H. W., & Anderson, L. M. (1984) · Journal of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/00222216.1984.11969584 · Cited by 251
Perceived safety from crime in the urban environment
Loewen, L. J., Steel, G. D., & Suedfeld, P. (1993) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80254-3 · Cited by 234
Race, Class, and Leisure Activity Preferences: Marginality and Ethnicity Revisited
Floyd, M. F., Shinew, K. J., McGuire, F. A., & Noe, F. P. (1994) · Journal of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/00222216.1994.11969951 · Cited by 223
West, P. C. (1989) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490408909512202 · Cited by 191
Understanding the Role of Ethnicity in Outdoor Recreation Experiences
Carr, D. S., & Williams, D. R. (1993) · Journal of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/00222216.1993.11969907 · Cited by 183
The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America.
Vischer, J. C., & Cranz, G. (1984) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2578883 · Cited by 157
Ethnicity and preference for natural settings: A review and recent findings
Kaplan, R., & Talbot, J. F. (1988) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/0169-2046(88)90019-9 · Cited by 151
Race, Ethnicity and Use of the National Park System
Floyd, M. F. (1999) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · Cited by 136
Perceived Constraints to Park Usage Among Individuals With Low Incomes
Scott, D. R. M., & Munson, W. W. (1994) · Journal of Park and Recreation Administration · Cited by 136
Cited by
Nature Contact and Human Health: A Research Agenda
Frumkin, H., Bratman, G. N., Breslow, S. J., Cochran, B., Kahn Jr, P. H., Lawler, J. J., Levin, P. S., Tandon, P. S., Varanasi, U., Wolf, K. L., et al. (2017) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp1663 · Cited by 1,237
“Diverse populations also express diverse preferences with respect to greenspace: a baseball diamond for some, a soccer field for others, picnic facilities for still others (Gobster 2002; Ho et al. 2005; Payne et al. 2002; Smiley et al. 2016).”
BackgroundParks and People: An Environmental Justice Inquiry in Baltimore, Maryland
Boone, C. G., Buckley, G. L., Grove, J. M., & Sister, C. (2009) · Annals of the Association of American Geographers · doi:10.1080/00045600903102949 · Cited by 828
Rigolon, A., Browning, M. H. E. M., McAnirlin, O., & Yoon, H. (. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18052563 · Cited by 557
Kaczynski, A. T., Besenyi, G. M., Stanis, S. A. W., Koohsari, M. J., Oestman, K. B., Bergstrom, R., Potwarka, L. R., & Reis, R. S. (2014) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-014-0146-4 · Cited by 317
Fongar, C., Aamodt, G., Randrup, T. B., & Solfjeld, I. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16132327 · Cited by 85
Metadata
- Authors
- Gobster, P. H.
- Venue
- Leisure Sciences
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2002-04
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 143-159
- ISSN
- 0149-0400 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-0588
- OpenAlex
- W2125677928
- Cited by
- 435
- References
- 17
- FWCI
- 11.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Managing Urban Parks for a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Clientele. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/01490400252900121
- The paper
- Gobster, P. H. (2002). Managing Urban Parks for a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Clientele. Leisure Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400252900121
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
