A systematic review of the last decade of civic education research in the United States
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The United States has witnessed a steady increase in concern about political polarization and its impact on youth. We systematically review and compare the empirical research literature on civic education pedagogy in the United States between 2009 and 2019 to frame efforts to construct an inclusive and healthy democracy—one that decreases polarization and increases broad youth civic participation. Despite evidence that civic education must be revitalized to address societal inequities underlying participation and polarization, few articles addressed how to achieve such education. We recommend future researchers evaluate promising practices for increasing youth participation and decreasing political polarization. There is a related need for more civic education research in K–12 schools, particularly critical research focused on program implementation and outcomes.
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Only a handful of existing reviews focus on the local governance scale.
“and only a handful focuses on the local governance scale (Anyon et al., 2018; Fitzgerald et al., 2021; Hohenhaus et al., 2023; Macauley et al., 2022; Weiss, 2020; and Yamaguchi, Tuong, et al., 2023).”
From Between promise and practice: a scoping review of the democratic outcomes of youth participation in local governance (2026) · cites this paper as Fitzgerald et al., 2021
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Critical Consciousness and Wellbeing in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review
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- Authors
- Fitzgerald, J. C., Cohen, A. K., Maker Castro, E., & Pope, A.
- Affiliations
- Monmouth University (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- University of California Los Angeles
- Salisbury University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fitzgerald, Jason C.
- Venue
- Peabody Journal of Education
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2021-05-27
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 235-246
- ISSN
- 0161-956X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7930
- OpenAlex
- W3178110826
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 2.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Peabody Journal of Education (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
- Social Sciences › Education › Citizenship Education and Democracy
- Social Sciences › Education › Innovative Teaching Methodologies in Social Sciences
- Keywords
- citizenship education, political polarization, youth civic participation, K-12 schools, democracy, program implementation, social inequality, United States
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