Ultrastructural Aspects of Autoschizis: A New Cancer Cell Death Induced by the Synergistic Action of Ascorbate/Menadione on Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells
Abstract
Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were employed to further characterize the cytotoxic effects of a ascorbic acid/menadione (or vitamin C/vitamin K3) combination on a human bladder carcinoma T24 cell line. Following 1-h treatment T24 cells display membrane and mitochondrial defects as well as excision of cytoplasmic fragments that contain no organelles. These continuous self-excisions reduce the cell size. Concomitant, nuclear changes, chromatin disassembly, nucleolar condensation and fragmentation, and decreased nuclear volume lead to cell death via a process similar to karyorrhexis and karyolysis. Because this cell death is achieved through a progressive loss of cytoplasm due to self-morsellation, the authors named this mode of cell death autoschizis (from the Greek autos, self, and schizein, to split, as defined in Scanning. 1998; 20: 564-575). This morphological characterization of autoschizic cell death confirms and extends the authors previous reports and demonstrates that this cell death is distinct from apoptosis.
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Autoschizis exhibits considerable mechanistic overlap with well-established forms of regulated cell death.
“terms mostly referring to morphological features of cellular demise and/or indicating considerable mechanistic overlap with well-established RCD forms, such as autoschizis [1064, 1065], should be dismissed.”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [1064]
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- Authors
- Gilloteaux, J., Jamison, J. M., Arnold, D., Taper, H. S., & Summers, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (US)
- Summa Health System (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- UCLouvain (BE)
- ORCID
- Gilloteaux, Jacques
- Venue
- Ultrastructural Pathology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 183-192
- ISSN
- 0191-3123 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-0758
- OpenAlex
- W2168327756
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ultrastructural Pathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents
- Keywords
- cancer cell death, vitamin C, menadione, T24 cells, mitochondrial defects, membrane damage, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, nuclear fragmentation, cytoplasmic fragmentation, non-apoptotic cell death, synergistic cytotoxicity
- MeSH terms
- Ascorbic Acid, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Drug Synergism, Humans, Microscopy, Electron, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Cell Death, Vitamin K 3
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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